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      Do direito incondicional à condicionalidade do direito: as contrapartidas do Programa Bolsa Família Translated title: Unconditional to conditional rights: counterparts in Brazil's Family Allowance Program

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          Abstract

          Este artigo analisa a concepção e desafios em torno da exigência de contrapartidas do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). A obrigatoriedade de inserção de crianças e adolescentes na escola e de crianças, gestantes e nutrizes nos serviços de saúde é central no desenho do PBF e, à semelhança do que ocorre em outros países, tem sido alvo de intensa polêmica. Busca-se, assim, mapear a discussão teórica que embasa os argumentos favoráveis e contrários aos programas de transferência monetária condicionada, utilizando como estratégia metodológica a sistematização bibliográfica e estudo da legislação do PBF. A análise demonstra que, se de um lado, estão aqueles que rejeitam as contrapartidas sob alegação de que estas feririam o direito incondicional de cidadania, de outro, situam-se os que defendem as condicionalidades sob argumentos distintos. Aqui estão tanto concepções que entendem que é preciso dar algo em troca do recebimento do benefício quanto aquelas que vêem tais exigências como estratégia para favorecer o acesso aos serviços sociais e romper o ciclo da pobreza. Esta última visão está presente nos documentos oficiais do programa. Porém, na legislação complementar, a operacionalização das condicionalidades é definida de forma coercitiva, distanciando-se da concepção de inserção social.

          Translated abstract

          This paper analyzes the concepts and challenges of the counterpart contributions demanded by Brazil's Family Allowance Program, which requires mandatory school attendance for children and adolescents, and healthcare for children, pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers. These issues are prompting much discussion in Brazil and elsewhere in the world. This study charts theoretical aspects that underpin arguments for and against conditional cash transfer programs, through a review and systematization of the literature and a study of the related legislation. This analysis demonstrates that the opponents of counterpart obligations claim they breach unconditional rights to citizenship. Some supporters of these conditional transfers believe that a return is required for these benefits, while others see such requirements as a strategy for ensuring easier access to social welfare services, thereby breaking away from the cycle of poverty. Although latter view is present in Brazil's original Family Allowance Program, the manner in which supplementary legislation defines the application of the conditions is coercive and remote from the concept of social insertion.

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          A grande Transformação: as origens de nossa época

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            As metamorfoses da questão social: Uma crônica do salário

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              Dental considerations for the paediatric AIDS/HIV patient.

              HIV infection and AIDS are spreading rapidly among the world's children, especially among African-American and Hispanic children in the USA, and those in developing countries. Although recent research has identified several ways of preventing perinatal transmission of HIV, most of these methods are too expensive for widespread use in developing countries, where the epidemic is most severe. Oral manifestations are early and common clinical indicators of HIV infection and progression in children, as in adults, although the specific manifestations differ between adults and children. Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common sign of HIV infection in children and is significantly associated with markers of HIV disease progression. Other common oral manifestations in children include herpes simplex, linear gingival erythema, parotid enlargement and recurrent aphthous ulceration. Further research is needed on the ways in which oral manifestations can be used as predictors of disease progression; on the impact of the limited availability of health care for impoverished families who are disproportionately affected by HIV infection; and on supportive care and its impact on infected children's quality of life.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro )
                1413-8123
                December 2007
                : 12
                : 6
                : 1453-1462
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [3 ] Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional
                [4 ] FIOCRUZ
                [5 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232007000600008
                10.1590/S1413-81232007000600008
                b7752120-ac92-4c44-bb9e-6c3f15f8a9b0

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Social policy,Conditional income transfers,Social welfare,Política social,Transferência condicionada de renda,Assistência social

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