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      Desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad, parámetros funcionales y costes asociados en un hospital general Translated title: Disease-related malnutrition, functional parameters, and associated costs in a genaral hospital

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) afecta en Europa a más de 30 millones de personas, lo que supone cada año unos 170.000 millones de euros. Es necesario implantar protocolos multidisciplinares para el abordaje de la DRE. Objetivo: estudiar la proporción de pacientes afectados o en riesgo de DRE al ingreso, la duración y el coste de su estancia en un hospital general. Métodos: estudio observacional de corte transversal con un tamaño muestral de 203 sujetos. De junio a diciembre de 2018 se realizó un cribado nutricional conforme al Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002), se hizo un diagnóstico según los criterios de la Iniciativa de Liderazgo Mundial en Desnutrición (GLIM), se registró la duración del ingreso y se efectuó una estimación del coste de la estancia de todos los pacientes que ingresaron en medicina interna y cumplían los criterios de selección. Resultados: la proporción de personas en riesgo de DRE fue del 28 % (57/203; IC 95 %: 22 % a 34 %). La proporción de pacientes con diagnóstico de DRE fue del 19 % (36/192; IC 95 %: 13 % a 24 %). Los pacientes clasificados con riesgo o diagnóstico de DRE al ingreso tuvieron una estancia 3 días mayor que la de los normonutridos (p < 0,01) y un coste mayor que el de los normonutridos en 1.803,66 euros (p < 0,01). Conclusiones: se hace necesario un abordaje integral y multidisciplinar de la DRE coordinada desde la Comunidad, la Atención Primaria y los hospitales, especialmente en las mujeres de ≥ 70 años con patología pulmonar.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: disease-related malnutrition (DRM) affects more than 30 million people in Europe, representing about 170 billion euros each year. Despite the growing consensus for the diagnosis of DRM, it is still necessary to implement multidisciplinary and coordinated protocols for a comprehensive approach to DRM in hospitals. Objetive: to study the proportion of patients affected by DRM upon admission, as well as the duration and the cost of their stay in a general hospital. Methods: an observational cross-sectional study with a sample size of 203 subjects. From June to December 2018, a nutritional screening was carried out according to the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002); diagnoses were made according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, length of stay was recorded, and the cost of stay was estimated for all patients admitted to Internal Medicine who met the selection criteria. Results: the proportion of people at risk of DRM was 28 % (57/203; 95 % CI: 22 % to 34 %). The proportion of patients diagnosed with DRM was 19 % (36/192; 95 % CI: 13 % to 24 %). Patients classified with risk or diagnosis of DRM upon admission had a longer stay than those with normal nutrition by 3 days (p < 0.01), and a higher cost by €1,803.66 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to DRM coordinated from Primary Care to hospitals is necessary, especially in women aged ≥ 70 years with pulmonary disease.

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          Most cited references40

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          ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition.

          A lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research.
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            Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition - An ESPEN Consensus Statement.

            To provide a consensus-based minimum set of criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition to be applied independent of clinical setting and aetiology, and to unify international terminology.
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              Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials.

              A system for screening of nutritional risk is described. It is based on the concept that nutritional support is indicated in patients who are severely ill with increased nutritional requirements, or who are severely undernourished, or who have certain degrees of severity of disease in combination with certain degrees of undernutrition. Degrees of severity of disease and undernutrition were defined as absent, mild, moderate or severe from data sets in a selected number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and converted to a numeric score. After completion, the screening system was validated against all published RCTs known to us of nutritional support vs spontaneous intake to investigate whether the screening system could distinguish between trials with a positive outcome and trials with no effect on outcome. The total number of randomized trials identified was 128. In each trial, the group of patients was classified with respect to nutritional status and severity of disease, and it was determined whether the effect of nutritional intervention on clinical outcome was positive or absent. Among 75 studies of patients classified as being nutritionally at-risk, 43 showed a positive effect of nutritional support on clinical outcome. Among 53 studies of patients not considered to be nutritionally at-risk, 14 showed a positive effect (P=0.0006). This corresponded to a likelihood ratio (true positive/false positive) of 1.7 (95% CI: 2.3-1.2). For 71 studies of parenteral nutrition, the likelihood ratio was 1.4 (1.9-1.0), and for 56 studies of enteral or oral nutrition the likelihood ratio was 2.9 (5.9-1.4). The screening system appears to be able to distinguish between trials with a positive effect vs no effect, and it can therefore probably also identify patients who are likely to benefit from nutritional support.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2021
                : 38
                : 4
                : 765-772
                Affiliations
                [3] Murcia orgnameUniversidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) orgdiv1Facultad de Deporte Spain
                [2] Murcia orgnameUniversidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) orgdiv1Departamento de Tecnología Alimentaria y Nutrición orgdiv2Grupo de Reconocimiento y Encapsulación Molecular Spain
                [4] Murcia orgnameHospital de Molina Spain
                [1] Murcia orgnameUniversidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) orgdiv1Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112021000400765 S0212-1611(21)03800400765
                10.20960/nh.03464
                33980025
                b79d7c3f-e810-4b63-b916-8bec653652e8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 April 2021
                : 01 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Malnutrition,Evaluación nutricional,Nutritional assessment,Hospital costs,Desnutrición,Costes hospitalarios

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