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      Implementación y evaluación de un protocolo de analgesia multimodal en el reemplazo total primario de rodilla que incluye bloqueo de canal de aductores guiado por ultrasonografía más infiltración de anestésico local periarticular Translated title: Implementation and evaluation of a multimodal analgesia protocol for total knee arthroplasty including ultrasound-guided adductor canal block and periarticular local anesthetic infiltration

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La anestesia regional guiada por ultrasonografía es una técnica segura y efectiva para el manejo del dolor postoperatorio. Este estudio evalúa la implementación de un protocolo analgésico para el reemplazo total primario de rodilla (RTPR). Métodos: Estudio observacional ambispectivo de cohortes no aleatorizado, realizado en un grupo de pacientes llevados a RTPR que recibieron infiltración de anestésico local periarticular más bloqueo del canal de aductores (IAL+BCA) como parte de un nuevo protocolo analgésico, frente a un grupo previo que recibió catéter perineural femoral más bloqueo del nervio ciático (CPF+BNC). La valoración de la intensidad del dolor se realizó utilizando la escala verbal numérica (EVN). El desenlace principal fue el dolor postoperatorio inmediato a las 24 y 48 horas. Se evaluó el cumplimiento de metas de rehabilitación física a las 48 horas como desenlace secundario. Resultados: Se analizaron 112 pacientes (67 en IAL + BCA y 45 en CPF + BNC). Ambas poblaciones fueron comparables en variables demográficas. La mediana del dolor en reposo en el primer y segundo día postoperatorios fue EVN 2/10 para ambos grupos. El promedio del dolor en movimiento en el segundo día postoperatorio fue EVN 5/10 para los pacientes con IAL + BCA y 4/10 para los pacientes con CPF + BNC, p = 0,073. El porcentaje de pacientes que cumplieron el 80 % o más de las metas de rehabilitación fue similar en ambos grupos (p = 0,201). Conclusiones: Ambas técnicas son equivalentes en el manejo analgésico postoperatorio del RTPR durante las primeras 48 horas. A pesar de que es conocido que la técnica de IAL + BCA genera menos compromiso motor del cuádriceps, esto no se reflejó en un mejor desempeño durante la rehabilitación física, posiblemente por un insuficiente control analgésico a las 48 horas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a safe and effective technique in postoperative pain management. This study evaluates the implementation an analgesic protocol for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) including different nerve blocks. Methods: An observational ambispective non randomized cohort study was performed between a group of patients undergoing TKA who received local infiltration analgesia plus adductor canal block (LIA+ACB) as part of a new analgesic protocol against a previous group who received perineural femoral catheter plus sciatic nerve block (PFC+SNB). The measurement of pain intensity was made using the numerical rating scale (NRS). The main outcome was the immediate postoperative pain, at 24 and 48 hours. The fulfillment of physical rehabilitation goals was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Results: 112 patients were analyzed (67 in LIA+ACB and 45 in PFC+SNB). Both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. The median pain at rest on the first and second postoperative days was NRS 2/10 for both groups. The average pain on movement on the second postoperative day was NRS 5/10 for patients with LIA+ACB and 4/10 for patients with PFC+SNB, p=0,073. The percentage of patients who fulfilled ≥80% of the rehabilitation goals was similar in both groups (p=0,201). Conclusions: In the TKA postoperative analgesic management, both techniques are equivalent during the first 48 hours. Although it is known that the LIA+ACB technique generates less motor impairment of the quadriceps muscle, this was not reflected on better performance during physical rehabilitation, possibly due to insufficient analgesic control at 48 hours.

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          Sensitization in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis.

          Pain is the dominant symptom in osteoarthritis (OA) and sensitization may contribute to the pain severity. This study investigated the role of sensitization in patients with painful knee OA by measuring (1) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs); (2) spreading sensitization; (3) temporal summation to repeated pressure pain stimulation; (4) pain responses after intramuscular hypertonic saline; and (5) pressure pain modulation by heterotopic descending noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). Forty-eight patients with different degrees of knee OA and twenty-four age- and sex-matched control subjects participated. The patients were separated into strong/severe (VAS>or=6) and mild/moderate pain (VAS<6) groups. PPTs were measured from the peripatellar region, tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles before, during and after DNIC. Temporal summation to pressure was measured at the most painful site in the peripatellar region and over TA. Patients with severely painful OA pain have significantly lower PPT than controls. For all locations (knee, leg, and arm) significantly negative correlations between VAS and PPT were found (more pain, more sensitization). OA patients showed a significant facilitation of temporal summation from both the knee and TA and had significantly less DNIC as compared with controls. No correlations were found between standard radiological findings and clinical/experimental pain parameters. However, patients with lesions in the lateral tibiofemoral knee compartment had higher pain ratings compared with those with intercondylar and medial lesions. This study highlights the importance of central sensitization as an important manifestation in knee OA.
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            Pain intensity on the first day after surgery: a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures.

            Severe pain after surgery remains a major problem, occurring in 20-40% of patients. Despite numerous published studies, the degree of pain following many types of surgery in everyday clinical practice is unknown. To improve postoperative pain therapy and develop procedure-specific, optimized pain-treatment protocols, types of surgery that may result in severe postoperative pain in everyday practice must first be identified. This study considered 115,775 patients from 578 surgical wards in 105 German hospitals. A total of 70,764 patients met the inclusion criteria. On the first postoperative day, patients were asked to rate their worst pain intensity since surgery (numeric rating scale, 0-10). All surgical procedures were assigned to 529 well-defined groups. When a group contained fewer than 20 patients, the data were excluded from analysis. Finally, 50,523 patients from 179 surgical groups were compared. The 40 procedures with the highest pain scores (median numeric rating scale, 6-7) included 22 orthopedic/trauma procedures on the extremities. Patients reported high pain scores after many "minor" surgical procedures, including appendectomy, cholecystectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, and tonsillectomy, which ranked among the 25 procedures with highest pain intensities. A number of "major" abdominal surgeries resulted in comparatively low pain scores, often because of sufficient epidural analgesia. Several common minor- to medium-level surgical procedures, including some with laparoscopic approaches, resulted in unexpectedly high levels of postoperative pain. To reduce the number of patients suffering from severe pain, patients undergoing so-called minor surgery should be monitored more closely, and postsurgical pain treatment needs to comply with existing procedure-specific pain-treatment recommendations.
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              Projected increase in total knee arthroplasty in the United States - an alternative projection model.

              The purpose of our study was to estimate the future incidence rate (IR) and volume of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the United States from 2015 to 2050 using a conservative projection model that assumes a maximum IR of procedures. Furthermore, our study compared these projections to a model assuming exponential growth, as done in previous studies, for illustrative purposes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dolor
                Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor
                Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor
                Inspira Network Group, S.L (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1134-8046
                February 2021
                : 28
                : 1
                : 9-18
                Affiliations
                [1] Cali orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas Colombia
                [2] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Icesi orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Colombia
                [3] Cali orgnameFundación Valle del Lili orgdiv1Departamento de Anestesiología Colombia
                Article
                S1134-80462021000200009 S1134-8046(21)02800100009
                10.20986/resed.2021.3847/2020
                b79f8e7b-5368-4565-bb95-9ea894e42347

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 September 2020
                : 14 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                rodilla,anesthesia and analgesia,medicina física y rehabilitación,Artroplastia,postoperative pain,knee,dolor posoperatorio,physical and rehabilitation medicine,anestesia y analgesia

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