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      Tiabendazol para el control de la infección por Strongyloides stercoralis en una zona hiperendémica en el Perú

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          Abstract

          La estrongiloidiosis es una enfermedad parasitaria intestinal causada por S. stercoralis, un nemátode geohelmíntico altamente prevalente en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. El tratamiento de elección actual es ivermectina, y como segunda alternativa el tiabendazol - disponible en algunas instituciones de salud en el Perú. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y tolerabilidad del tiabendazol (25 mg/kg/día) repartido dos veces al día -después de las comidas- por 3 días, en individuos con infección crónica por S. stercoralis. El estudio fue llevado a cabo en el Hospital de La Merced, provincia de Chanchamayo, Perú (zona endémica); en un periodo de 90 días. El estudio incluyó a 32 individuos (22 mujeres - 10 hombres; media de edad ± DS = 9.34 ± 8.11 años) con diagnóstico parasitológico de S. stercoralis. Los exámenes de seguimiento fueron recuentos de eosinófilos, hematocrito, cultivo de heces en placas de agar nutritivo y Método de Baermann en Copa (técnica modificada por Lumbreras). La tasa de curación fue de 90.6%. La media de eosinófilos en los pacientes curados disminuyó significativamente (1168 a 665 eosinófilos/cc, p=0.006) en comparación con el grupo de pacientes que fracasaron al tratamiento cuya media de eosinófilos tuvo un ligero aumento (618 a 897 eosinófilos/cc, p=0.125). En ambos grupos, el hematocrito aumentó entre 2% y 3%. Los efectos adversos fueron cefalea, mareos y epigastralgia en el 6.2% de los pacientes Concluimos que el esquema evaluado tiene una alta tasa de efectividad y fue bien tolerado, y podría ser tomado en cuenta en programas de control para zonas hiperendémicas de este parásito.

          Translated abstract

          Strongyloides stercoralis infection is a disease caused by an intestinal parasite. This helminth is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. The preferred treatment is ivermectin, and tiabendazole as a second option available in certain Peruvian institutions. The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of tiabendazole (25 mg/kg/day) administered twice a day (after meals) for three days in individuals with S. stercoralis chronic infection. The study was conducted at Hospital de La Merced, Province of Chanchamayo, Peru (endemic area), during a 90 day period. The study included 32 individuals (22 female and 10 male, average age ± SD = 9.31 ± 8.11 years) with a diagnosed S. stercoralis infection. Follow up tests were eosinophil count, hematocrit, agar plate feces culture, and Baermann technique modified by Lumbreras. Healing rate was 90.6%. The average eosinophil count in healed patients significantly decreased (1168 to 665 eosinophils/cc, p=0.006) as compared to the treatment failure group, which showed a slight increase (618 to 897 eosinophils/cc, p=0.125). Hematocrit increased in both groups (2% and 3%, respectively). Adverse effects were headache, dizziness, and epigastralgia in 6.2% of individuals. It was concluded that the studied scheme showed a high effectiveness rate and was well tolerated. Therefore this scheme may be taken into account for control programs of this parasite in hyperendemic areas.

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          A comparative trial of a single-dose ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children.

          A randomized trial carried out in rural Zanzibar comparing a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg of ivermectin and 400 mg/day for three days of albendazole for treatment of strongyloidiasis and other intestinal nematodes is described. In 301 children with Strongyloides stercoralis infection, treatment with ivermectin or albendazole resulted in cure rates of 83% and 45%, respectively. While both drugs were very effective against Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura was cured only in 11% (ivermectin) and 43% (albendazole) of the subjects, although the mean eggload was reduced by 59% and 92%, respectively. Ivermectin was ineffective against hookworms, while albendazole resulted in a cure rate of 98%. No severe side effects were recorded and mild side effects were of transient nature for both treatments. Therefore, ivermectin provides a safe and a highly effective single dose treatment for S. stercoralis and A. lumbricoides, while it is not an alternative for the treatment of T. trichiura and hookworm infections.
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            Fluctuations of larval excretion in Strongyloides stercoralis infection.

            Follow-up stool examinations were carried out on two groups of the subjects who were screened negative (group 1) or positive (group 2) for Strongyloides stercoralis by the agar plate culture. This technique could detect S. stercoralis larvae in 87.5-96.4% of the subjects in group 2 and 0-5.9% of the subjects in group 1 on various days of the eight-week and four-week follow-up periods, respectively. The detection rate on each day of examination was not statistically different from that on the first day in both groups. Quantitative measurement of S. stercoralis larvae excreted in the feces of the subjects in group 2 by the standard direct smear method of Beaver and others revealed slight to marked fluctuations of the larval output in individual subjects. From the results of both stool examination methods, it could be implied that 52% of S. stercoralis-infected individuals had low-level infection.
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              Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection associated with human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection in Peru.

              A study was conducted in Lima, Peru to determine if patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection had human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I) infection. The study included patients with Strongyloides hyperinfection and a control group consisted of sex- and age-matched asymptomatic healthy individuals whose stools were negative for Strongyloides. A third group included patients with intestinal strongyloidiasis. Sera from each study subject were tested for HTLV-1/2I by an ELISA and Western blot. The HLTV-1 infection rates (85.7%, 18 of 21) were significantly (P 0.05) from the control group. The association of HTLV-1 infection was observed among 17 of 19 patients more than 20 years of age and one of two younger patients. None had HTLV-2 infection. In conclusion, Strongyloides hyperinfection among Peruvian patients was highly associated with HTLV-1 infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rgp
                Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú
                Rev. gastroenterol. Perú
                Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Perú (Lima, , Peru )
                1022-5129
                October 2005
                : 25
                : 4
                : 341-348
                Affiliations
                [02] Lima orgnameInstituto Especializado de Salud del Niño Perú
                [03] Junín orgnameHospital de Apoyo La Merced Perú
                [01] Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia orgdiv1Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt Perú
                Article
                S1022-51292005000400006 S1022-5129(05)02500406
                b7baf5ed-2892-4f3f-9dbc-39982bed7050

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
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                Peru,Strongyloides stercoralis,tiabendazol,tratamiento,área endémica,Perú,tiabendazole,treatment,endemic areas

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