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      Dinámicas de información en profesionales de enfermería desde el análisis de redes sociales Translated title: Information dynamics in nursing professionals based on social network análisis

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Introducción: El conocimiento es una herramienta necesaria para la investigación científica y el progreso de cualquier disciplina. Pero el conocimiento científico y las dinámicas de información no sólo están sostenidas por los individuos, sino que son producidas y mantenidas por grupos de personas que trabajan en un mismo entorno donde los vínculos y las relaciones pueden influir en el proceso. Objetivo: Analizar las redes sociales de utilización de fuentes de información, de ayuda/consejo para la transferencia de conocimiento y los lugares donde los profesionales de enfermería comparten información. Método: Análisis de Redes Sociales a través de un cuestionario validado. Se reclutaron profesionales de 6 unidades hospitalarias. Resultados: Participaron 77 profesionales con una edad media de 42,9 (DE:11,48). Los compañeros son la fuente de información más utilizada (76 elecciones) frente a las bases de datos y artículos científicos que son la menos seleccionada (63 elecciones). Las redes homófilas horizontales (profesionales con estatus/intereses similares) son las más frecuentes para obtener información sobre resultados de investigación (74 elecciones). La unidad asistencial es el entorno más señalado para compartir información (50 elecciones). Conclusiones: Los profesionales consideran el conocimiento de sus compañeros como la principal fuente para obtener información sobre resultados de investigación. Unidades con determinado grado de especialización utilizan guías de práctica clínica y protocolos como fuente principal de información. Los profesionales de enfermería utilizan redes homófilas-horizontales para obtener información. El entorno laboral en sus diferentes ámbitos (unidad, office, reuniones) es el más utilizado para compartir información sobre resultados de investigación.

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          ABSTRACT: Introduction Knowledge is a necessary tool for scientific research and progress in any discipline. But scientific knowledge and information dynamics are not only sustained by individuals but are produced and maintained by groups of people working in the same environment where links and relationships can influence the process. Aim: To analyze the social networks of information source utilization, help/advice for knowledge transfer and the places where nursing professionals share information. Method: Analysis of social networks through a validated questionnaire. Professionals from 6 hospital units were recruited. Results: 77 professionals participated with a mean age of 42.9 (SD:11.48). Peers were the most frequently used source of information (76 choices) compared to databases and scientific articles, which were the least selected (63 choices). Horizontal homophilous networks (professionals with similar status/interests) are the most frequent for obtaining information on research results (74 choices). The care unit is the most pointed environment for sharing information (50 choices). Conclusions: Professionals consider the knowledge of their peers as the main source for obtaining information on research results. Units with a certain degree of specialization use clinical practice guidelines and protocols as the main source of information. Nursing professionals use homophilic-horizontal networks to obtain information. The work environment in its different settings (unit, office, meetings) is the most used for sharing information on research results.

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          Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: systematic review and recommendations.

          This article summarizes an extensive literature review addressing the question, How can we spread and sustain innovations in health service delivery and organization? It considers both content (defining and measuring the diffusion of innovation in organizations) and process (reviewing the literature in a systematic and reproducible way). This article discusses (1) a parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, (2) clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and (3) a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management. Both the model and the method should be tested more widely in a range of contexts.
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            Achieving change in primary care—causes of the evidence to practice gap: systematic reviews of reviews

            Background This study is to identify, summarise and synthesise literature on the causes of the evidence to practice gap for complex interventions in primary care. Design This study is a systematic review of reviews. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO were searched, from inception to December 2013. Eligible reviews addressed causes of the evidence to practice gap in primary care in developed countries. Data from included reviews were extracted and synthesised using guidelines for meta-synthesis. Results Seventy reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria and encompassed a wide range of topics, e.g. guideline implementation, integration of new roles, technology implementation, public health and preventative medicine. None of the included papers used the term “cause” or stated an intention to investigate causes at all. A descriptive approach was often used, and the included papers expressed “causes” in terms of “barriers and facilitators” to implementation. We developed a four-level framework covering external context, organisation, professionals and intervention. External contextual factors included policies, incentivisation structures, dominant paradigms, stakeholders’ buy-in, infrastructure and advances in technology. Organisation-related factors included culture, available resources, integration with existing processes, relationships, skill mix and staff involvement. At the level of individual professionals, professional role, underlying philosophy of care and competencies were important. Characteristics of the intervention that impacted on implementation included evidence of benefit, ease of use and adaptability to local circumstances. We postulate that the “fit” between the intervention and the context is critical in determining the success of implementation. Conclusions This comprehensive review of reviews summarises current knowledge on the barriers and facilitators to implementation of diverse complex interventions in primary care. To maximise the uptake of complex interventions in primary care, health care professionals and commissioning organisations should consider the range of contextual factors, remaining aware of the dynamic nature of context. Future studies should place an emphasis on describing context and articulating the relationships between the factors identified here. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42014009410 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0396-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Never the twain shall meet? - a comparison of implementation science and policy implementation research

              Background Many of society’s health problems require research-based knowledge acted on by healthcare practitioners together with implementation of political measures from governmental agencies. However, there has been limited knowledge exchange between implementation science and policy implementation research, which has been conducted since the early 1970s. Based on a narrative review of selective literature on implementation science and policy implementation research, the aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of policy implementation research, analyze key similarities and differences between this field and implementation science, and discuss how knowledge assembled in policy implementation research could inform implementation science. Discussion Following a brief overview of policy implementation research, several aspects of the two fields were described and compared: the purpose and origins of the research; the characteristics of the research; the development and use of theory; determinants of change (independent variables); and the impact of implementation (dependent variables). The comparative analysis showed that there are many similarities between the two fields, yet there are also profound differences. Still, important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research, including issues related to the influence of the context of implementation and the values and norms of the implementers (the healthcare practitioners) on implementation processes. Relevant research on various associated policy topics, including The Advocacy Coalition Framework, Governance Theory, and Institutional Theory, may also contribute to improved understanding of the difficulties of implementing evidence in healthcare. Implementation science is at a relatively early stage of development, and advancement of the field would benefit from accounting for knowledge beyond the parameters of the immediate implementation science literature. Summary There are many common issues in policy implementation research and implementation science. Research in both fields deals with the challenges of translating intentions into desired changes. Important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2021
                : 20
                : 63
                : 55-85
                Affiliations
                [5] León Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de León orgdiv1Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Sistemas y Automática Spain
                [3] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación orgdiv2Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación Spain
                [4] León Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de León orgdiv1Facultad de Veterinaria orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas Spain
                [1] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Nebrija orgdiv1Fundación San Juan de Dios orgdiv2Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud San Rafael-Nebrija España gescobar@ 123456nebrija.es
                [2] Ponferrada Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de León orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación SALBIS Spain
                Article
                S1695-61412021000300003 S1695-6141(21)02006300003
                10.6018/eglobal.470721
                b812c3a7-310e-4561-a896-a2dfa5c91149

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 March 2021
                : 26 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 31
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Evidence-Based Practice,Research utilization,Nursing,Knowledge Management,Information sources,Social Network Analysis,Utilización de la investigación,Práctica basada en la evidencia,Enfermería,Gestión del conocimiento,Fuentes de información,Análisis de Redes Sociales

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