A retrospective analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis in Zibo City from 1949 to 2021

Abstract

Objective To analyze the base incidence, distribution characteristics, survival status and social security of occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as “ pneumoconiosis”) in Zibo City.

Methods The new pneumoconiosis patients in Zibo City from 1949 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects using a cross-sectional survey. Household survey or telephone follow-up were carried out, and the distribution characteristics, living conditions and social security situation were retrospectively analyzed.

Results A total of 8 910 patients with pneumoconiosis were investigated, and 96.0% of them were male. The stage I pneumoconiosis patients accounted for 91.3%. From 1949 to 2021, the number of pneumoconiosis patients showed a stepwise upward trend with time. Most of the patients suffered from coal worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis, which accounted for 48.7% and 38.9%, respectively. The average age of onset was (52.7±11.4) years, and the average length of service exposed to dust was (21.1±9.4) years. The patients were concentrated in Zichuan District, Boshan District and Zhangdian District, that accounted for 87.8%. The industry distribution was mostly mining industry and manufacturing industry, accounting for 61.1% and 31.6% respectively. Among the 8 910 cases of pneumoconiosis, 543 cases were lost in follow-up. A total of 8 367 patients were followed-up, with a follow-up rate of 93.9%. The mortality rate of patients who completed follow-up was 50.5%, and the mortality rate decreased with the increase of the stage of pneumoconiosis ( P<0.01). The rate of adoring social security in the 4 138 surviving patients was 98.4%.

Conclusion The situation of prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Zibo City is challenging. It is necessary to strengthen the special control of dust hazards in mining and manufacturing industries in key areas such as Zichuan District, Boshan District and Zhangdian District.

Abstract

摘要： 目的 分析淄博市职业性尘肺病(以下简称“尘肺病”发病底数、分布特征、患者生存状况和社会保障情况。 方法 采用横断面调査方法, 选择淄博市 1949—2021 年新发尘肺病患者为研究对象, 进行人户调査或电话随访, 描述性 分析其分布特征、生存状况和社会保障情况。 结果 共调査 8 910 例尘肺病患者; 其中, 男性占 96.0%; 尘肺病壹期患者 占 91.3%; 1949—2021 年尘肺病患者数量随时间呈阶梯状上升趋势; 病种以煤工尘肺和矽肺居多, 分别占 48.7% 和 38.9%; 患者平均发病年龄为 (52.7±11.4) 岁, 平均接尘工龄为 (21.1±9.4) 年; 87.8% 患者集中在淄川区、博山区与张店区; 行业分布以采矿业和制造业较多, 分别占 61.1% 和 31.6%。8 910 例尘肺病患者中, 失访 543 例; 完成随访 8 367 例, 随访 率为 93.9%。完成随访患者死亡率为 50.5%, 死亡率随着尘肺病期别的升髙而下降( P<0.01)。4 138 例存活患者享受社 会保障率为 98.4%。 结论 淄博市尘肺病防治形势仍然严峻。应加大对淄川区、博山区与张店区等重点地区采矿业和 制造业的粉尘危害专项治理力度。