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      El cuidado en los comportamientos sociales humanos durante la Prehistoria Translated title: Care in human social behaviour during Prehistory

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          Abstract

          Resumen En este trabajo se busca mostrar que los cuidados y los comportamientos sociales humanos estaban presentes ya durante la Prehistoria. A partir de las evidencias arqueológicas se puede observar cómo especies humanas anteriores a la nuestra desarrollaron complejas estructuras sociales en las que la importancia de la unión del grupo era fundamental para la supervivencia. El cuidado hacia niños, ancianos y enfermos, se demuestra gracias al análisis de los restos prehistóricos hallados y de la pervivencia de estos en el contexto arqueológico. Este cuidado prehistórico no solo fue físico, sino que también tuvo un componente psicológico y mental tanto en vida como después de la muerte.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This paper seeks to show the reader, that human care and social behaviour were already present in Prehistory. From archaeological evidence it can be seen how ancient human species developed complex social structures in which the importance of unity was paramount to survival. Care for children, seniors and patients is demonstrated thanks to the analysis of the prehistoric remains found and their preservation in the archaeological context. This prehistoric care wasn’t only physical, but also a psychological and mental component in life and after death.

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          Most cited references23

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          A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome.

          Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
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            Symbolic use of marine shells and mineral pigments by Iberian Neandertals.

            Two sites of the Neandertal-associated Middle Paleolithic of Iberia, dated to as early as approximately 50,000 years ago, yielded perforated and pigment-stained marine shells. At Cueva de los Aviones, three umbo-perforated valves of Acanthocardia and Glycymeris were found alongside lumps of yellow and red colorants, and residues preserved inside a Spondylus shell consist of a red lepidocrocite base mixed with ground, dark red-to-black fragments of hematite and pyrite. A perforated Pecten shell, painted on its external, white side with an orange mix of goethite and hematite, was abandoned after breakage at Cueva Antón, 60 km inland. Comparable early modern human-associated material from Africa and the Near East is widely accepted as evidence for body ornamentation, implying behavioral modernity. The Iberian finds show that European Neandertals were no different from coeval Africans in this regard, countering genetic/cognitive explanations for the emergence of symbolism and strengthening demographic/social ones.
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              Survival against the odds: Modeling the social implications of care provision to seriously disabled individuals

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tempe
                Temperamentvm
                Temperamentum
                Fundación Index (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                1699-6011
                2020
                : 16
                : e13194
                Affiliations
                [1] Logroño La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Humanas Spain
                Article
                S1699-60112020000100017 S1699-6011(20)01600000017
                b8217817-9cec-45c9-980c-4edd97b03f0c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 December 2020
                : 16 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                Supervivencia,Prehistoria,Comportamientos sociales humanos,Cuidados,Archaeology,Survival,Prehistory,Human social behaviours,Care,Arqueología

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