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      Prevalencia y características de la lactancia dolorosa. Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico en Atención Primaria Translated title: Prevalence and characteristics of breastfeeding pain. Prospective multicentric study in Primary Care

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: el dolor al amamantar influye muy negativamente en el desarrollo de la lactancia y es una de las principales causas de su abandono, por lo que constituye un relevante y prioritario problema de Salud Pública. No obstante, es un aspecto infravalorado por la comunidad sanitaria y se han realizado muy pocos estudios sobre su prevalencia, sus características y la actitud de las madres que lo padecen. Pacientes y métodos: el presente trabajo forma parte del estudio Lactancia Materna y Desarrollo Infantil (LAyDI) y se centra en la investigación del dolor al amamantar durante los primeros cuatro meses en una cohorte de 203 madres lactantes adscritas a centros de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: se observó una alta incidencia de dolor (68,5%) entre las mujeres lactantes, que suelen padecerlo durante los primeros días, si bien en un 13% de los casos se presentó tras varias semanas. En un 44% de casos se resolvió en menos de 15 días, pero se mantuvo de forma prolongada en un 46% (incluso más de dos meses, en el 17,3%). El 30,9% de los casos se planteó en algún momento el abandono de la lactancia por dolor intenso o mantenido. Sin embargo, a pesar de la accesibilidad al apoyo profesional, mayoritariamente a cargo de las matronas, casi la mitad de las mujeres que sopesaron el destete decidió no solicitar ayuda. Conclusiones: es urgente unir esfuerzos desde diferentes campos de estudio para investigar sobre la etiopatogenia del dolor y explorar sin prejuicios alternativas seguras y efectivas para su abordaje.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: painful breastfeeding (BF) has a very negative impact on the establishment of BF and is one of the main causes of BF cessation, and is therefore considered an important public health problem. Unfortunately, this problem is underestimated by the health care community and few studies have been devoted to its prevalence, characteristics and the attitude of the mothers that experience it. Sample and methods: the study was conducted in the framework of the Breastfeeding and Child Development study (LAyDI) and focused on BF pain in the first 4 months post birth in a cohort of 203 lactating women managed in primary care centres of the Community of Madrid (Spain). Results: we found a high incidence of pain in BF women (68.5%), most frequently with onset in the first days post birth, although in 13% of cases it developed after several weeks. In 44% of cases, the pain resolved within 15 days, but in 46% it lasted longer (in 17%, longer than 2 months). We found that 30.9% of mothers contemplated BF cessation at some point due to severe or sustained pain. However, despite having access to professional support, mostly provided by midwives, nearly half of the women who considered weaning did not seek help. Conclusions: current efforts in different fields of study need to converge urgently to explore the aetiology and pathogenesis of pain and safe and effective approaches to its management in a nonjudgmental and unbiased environment.

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          Breastfeeding practices and policies in WHO European Region Member States

          Objective To provide an update on current practices and policy development status concerning breastfeeding in the WHO European Region. Design National surveys and studies conducted by national health institutions were prioritized. Sub-national data were included where no national data or studies existed. Information on national breastfeeding policies was collected mainly from the WHO Seventh Meeting of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Coordinators and European Union projects. Owing to the different data sources and methods, any comparisons between countries must be made with caution. Setting WHO European Member States. Results Data from fifty-three WHO European Member States were investigated; however, a large proportion had not reported any data. Rates of early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding to 1 year all varied considerably within the WHO European Region. Exclusive breastfeeding rates declined considerably after 4 months, and were low in infants under 6 months and at 6 months of age. The majority of the countries with existing data reported having a national infant and young child feeding policy and the establishment of a national committee on breastfeeding or infant and young child feeding. The majority of the countries with existing data reported having baby-friendly hospitals, although the proportion of baby-friendly hospitals to the total number of national hospitals with maternity units was low in most countries. Conclusions Breastfeeding practices within the WHO European Region, especially exclusive breastfeeding rates, are far from complying with the WHO recommendations. There are marked differences between countries in breastfeeding practices, infant and young child feeding policy adoption and proportion of baby-friendly hospitals.
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            The microbiology and treatment of human mastitis

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              Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Mothers: Incidence, Causes and Treatments

              Background: Persistent nipple pain is one of the most common reasons given by mothers for ceasing exclusive breastfeeding. We aimed to determine the frequency of nipple pain as a reason for consultation, the most common attributed aetiologies, and the effectiveness of the advice and treatment given. Methods: All consultations at the Breast Feeding Centre of Western Australia (WA) were audited over two six-month periods in 2011 (n = 469) and 2014 (n = 708). Attributed cause(s) of nipple pain, microbiology results, treatment(s) advised, and resolution of pain were recorded. Results: Nipple pain was one of the reasons for consultation in 36% of cases. The most common attributed cause of nipple pain was incorrect positioning and attachment, followed by tongue tie, infection, palatal anomaly, flat or inverted nipples, mastitis, and vasospasm. Advice included correction of positioning and attachment, use of a nipple shield, resting the nipples and expressing breastmilk, frenotomy, oral antibiotics, topical treatments, and cold or warm compresses. Pain was resolving or resolved in 57% of cases after 18 days (range 2–110). Conclusion: The multiple attributed causes of nipple pain, possibly as a result of a cascade of events, suggests that effective early lactation management for prevention of nipple pain and early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to avoid early weaning.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                June 2021
                : 23
                : 90
                : 163-173
                Affiliations
                [2] Getafe Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Juan de la Cierva España
                [3] Asturias orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) España
                [1] Madrid orgnameCentro de Salud Silvano España
                Article
                S1139-76322021000200009 S1139-7632(21)02309000009
                b83e4655-6566-4fa4-835f-b6618245dfbd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Atención Primaria,Cultivo de leche,Disbiosis,Dolor al amamantar,Salud pública,Breastfeeding pain,Dysbiosis,Milk culture,Primary Care,Public Health

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