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      Investigating the effect of the reality gap on the human psychophysiological state in the context of human-swarm interaction

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          Abstract

          The reality gap is the discrepancy between simulation and reality—the same behavioural algorithm results in different robot swarm behaviours in simulation and in reality (with real robots). In this paper, we study the effect of the reality gap on the psychophysiological reactions of humans interacting with a robot swarm. We compare the psychophysiological reactions of 28 participants interacting with a simulated robot swarm and with a real (non-simulated) robot swarm. Our results show that a real robot swarm provokes stronger reactions in our participants than a simulated robot swarm. We also investigate how to mitigate the effect of the reality gap (i.e., how to diminish the difference in the psychophysiological reactions between reality and simulation) by comparing psychophysiological reactions in simulation displayed on a computer screen and psychophysiological reactions in simulation displayed in virtual reality. Our results show that our participants tend to have stronger psychophysiological reactions in simulation displayed in virtual reality (suggesting a potential way of diminishing the effect of the reality gap).

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                peerj-cs
                PeerJ Comput. Sci.
                peerj-cs
                PeerJ Computer Science
                PeerJ Comput. Sci.
                PeerJ Inc. (San Francisco, USA )
                2376-5992
                19 September 2016
                : 2
                : e82
                Affiliations
                [1 ] IRIDIA, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Belgium
                [2 ] Research Center of Clinical Psychology, Psychopathology and Psychosomatic, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Belgium
                Article
                cs-82
                10.7717/peerj-cs.82
                b842f795-b0d1-4169-864e-28886a6a3770
                © 2016 Podevijn et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Computer Science) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Computer Science) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                History
                : 14 April 2016
                : 9 August 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: European Research Council through the ERC Advanced Grant “E-SWARM: Engineering Swarm Intelligence Systems”
                Award ID: 246939
                This work was partially supported by the European Research Council through the ERC Advanced Grant “E-SWARM: Engineering Swarm Intelligence Systems” (contract 246939). Rehan O’Grady and Marco Dorigo received support from the Belgian F.R.S.–FNRS. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Human-Computer Interaction
                Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems
                Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
                Artificial Intelligence
                Robotics

                Computer science
                Swarm robotics,Human-swarm interaction,Psychophysiology,Reality gap
                Computer science
                Swarm robotics, Human-swarm interaction, Psychophysiology, Reality gap

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