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      Caracterización morfológica de aislados de Phytophthora capsici provenientes de Jalisco y Michoacán, México Translated title: Morphological characterization of Phytophthora capsici isolates from Jalisco and Michoacán, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Phytophthora capsici es el principal fitopatógeno del cultivo de chile (Capsicum annuum) y de diversas plantas de interés comercial en México. El desconocimiento por parte de los productores sobre la presencia de este patógeno en zonas de cultivo dificulta la prevención y manejo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar morfológicamente aislados obtenidos de cultivos de cucurbitáceas y solanáceas con síntomas de “marchitez” en Jalisco y Michoacán, México. Los muestreos se realizaron durante 2016 y 2017. Los 41 aislados de P. capsici obtenidos de plantas enfermas se analizaron por morfología comparativa con base a caracteres sexuales y asexuales. Se caracterizaron 33 aislamientos del cultivo de C. annuum, seis de C. pepo y dos de S. lycopersicum. La mayoría de los aislados presentaron características morfológicas típicas de P. capsici. Solo un aislado presentó clamidosporas, globosas y terminales (aislado de Queréndaro, Mich). Se registraron 40 aislados heterotálicos y un aislado homotálico. Se determinó la patogenicidad de siete aislados, asociando a P. capsici como el agente causal de la marchitez para estos aislados y para siete analizados en un estudio previo. Los 27 aislamientos restantes solo se asociaron a la enfermedad. Se sugiere realizar un manejo integrado de este patógeno en las zonas de producción de Jalisco y Michoacán.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Phytophthora capsici is the main phytopathogen of the chili pepper crop (Capsicum annuum) and diverse commercial plants in Mexico. The limited knowledge of farmers on the presence of this pathogen in cropping areas makes it difficult to prevent and manage the disease. In order to identify and morphologically characterize isolates obtained from cucurbits and solanaceous crops with “wilt” symptoms, in Jalisco and Michoacán, Mexico, samples were collected during 2016 and 2017. The 41 P. capsici isolates obtained from diseased plants were analyzed by comparative morphology based on sexual and asexual characteristics. Were characterized 33 isolates from the C. annuum crop, six from C. pepo and two S. lycopersicum. Most isolates showed typical characteristics of P. capsici, whereas only one isolate showed terminal, globose chlamydospores (isolated from Queréndaro, Mich.). Forty heterothallic isolates were registered and only one homothallic isolate was reported. The pathogenicity of seven isolates was tested, therefore according to the results obtained, P. capsici is the main causal agent of wilt for these isolates and for seven more analyzed in a previous study, the remaining 27 are associated with the disease. Calling for the development of a strategy for integrated management of this pathogen in the Jalisco and Michoacán production areas.

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          Genome evolution in filamentous plant pathogens: why bigger can be better.

          Many species of fungi and oomycetes are plant pathogens of great economic importance. Over the past 7 years, the genomes of more than 30 of these filamentous plant pathogens have been sequenced, revealing remarkable diversity in genome size and architecture. Whereas the genomes of many parasites and bacterial symbionts have been reduced over time, the genomes of several lineages of filamentous plant pathogens have been shaped by repeat-driven expansions. In these lineages, the genes encoding proteins involved in host interactions are frequently polymorphic and reside within repeat-rich regions of the genome. Here, we review the properties of these adaptable genome regions and the mechanisms underlying their plasticity, and we illustrate cases in which genome plasticity has contributed to the emergence of new virulence traits. We also discuss how genome expansions may have had an impact on the co-evolutionary conflict between these filamentous plant pathogens and their hosts.
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            Mefenoxam Insensitivity and the Sexual Stage of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan Cucurbit Fields.

            ABSTRACT The potential for outcrossing, occurrence of oospores, and inheritance of mefenoxam sensitivity was assessed in naturally occurring populations of Phytophthora capsici. Between 1997 and 1998, 14 farms were sampled, with 473 isolates recovered from cucurbit hosts and 30 from bell pepper. The A1 and A2 compatibility types were recovered in a roughly 1:1 ratio in 8 of 14 farms with sample sizes larger than 15. In 1997, one isolate was designated as insensitive and four as sensitive to mefenoxam. In 1998, 55% of the 498 isolates sampled were sensitive, 32% were intermediate, and 13% were fully insensitive to mefenoxam. In vitro characterization of mefenoxam sensitivity was conducted by crossing field isolates. Chi-square analysis of crosses between sensitive, intermediately sensitive, and insensitive isolates indicate that mefenoxam insensitivity segregated as an incompletely dominant trait unlinked to compatibility type (P = 0.05). Oospores were observed in diseased cucurbit fruit from four farms in 1998, and 223 oospore progeny were recovered from a single diseased cucumber. All six mefenoxam sensitivity-compatibility type combinations were present in these oospore progeny and within single fields. Based on these findings, we conclude that oospores likely play a role in the survival of P. capsici and that sexual recombination may significantly influence population structure.
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              Advances in Research onPhytophthora capsicion Vegetable Crops in The United States

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmfi
                Revista mexicana de fitopatología
                Rev. mex. fitopatol
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C. (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0185-3309
                2007-8080
                2021
                : 39
                : 1
                : 75-93
                Affiliations
                [3] Uruapan orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo orgdiv1Facultad de Agrobiología Mexico
                [1] Tarímbaro orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Mexico
                [4] Morelia Michoacán orgnameInstituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad México
                [2] Tarímbaro orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo orgdiv1Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología Mexico
                Article
                S0185-33092021000100105 S0185-3309(21)03900100105
                10.18781/r.mex.fit.2007-5
                b8a139b3-1db2-4d6e-8655-48e68e92d2f7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 July 2020
                : 12 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                diagnóstico,Capsicum,Cucurbita,isolation,chili wilt,diagnosis,aislamiento,marchitez del chile

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