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      Prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal, segundo parâmetros antropométricos, e associação com maturação sexual em adolescentes escolares Translated title: Prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity according to anthropometric parameters and the association with sexual maturation in adolescent schoolchildren

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          Abstract

          Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em escolares segundo antropometria e maturação sexual. Foi um estudo transversal, incluindo 1.405 escolares de 10-14 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, em 2007. Foi avaliado o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão da cintura-estatura (RCEst). A maturação sexual foi auto-avaliada, definindo-se como precoce quando o escolar apresentava idade cronológica inferior à mediana de idade para o referido estágio. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 18,3-22,6) e a de obesidade abdominal foi de 14,9% (IC95%: 13,1-16,9) para CC e 12,6% (IC95%: 10,9-14,4) para RCE. O IMC, a CC e a RCEst apresentaram uma forte correlação positiva (rho ≅ 0,8; p < 0,001). A prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal foi maior (p < 0,05) nos estágios finais de maturação sexual em ambos os sexos. A alta prevalência de excesso de peso requer medidas urgentes de prevenção e controle desse distúrbio, sendo recomendada a inclusão da maturação sexual na avaliação do estado nutricional.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity in schoolchildren according to anthropometric parameters and sexual maturation. A cross-sectional study was performed in 1,405 children of both genders aged 10-14 years, living in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2007. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were assessed. Sexual maturation was self-assessed. Early sexual maturation was defined as the chronological age below the median age for the referred stage. Prevalence of overweight was 20.4% (95%CI: 18.3-22.6), and abdominal obesity was 14.9% (95%CI: 13.1-16.9) and 12.6% (95%CI: 10.9-14.4) according to WC and WHtR, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation among BMI, WC, and WHtR (rho ≅ 0.8; p < 0.001). In both genders, the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity was higher in the final stages of sexual maturation (p < 0.05). The high prevalence of overweight requires urgent preventive measures and control. Therefore, the inclusion of sexual maturation for the assessment of nutritional status is recommended.

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          Growth at Adolescence

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            Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia.

            Few studies have used the same references across countries to examine the trends of over- and underweight in older children and adolescents. Using international references, we examined the trends of overweight and underweight in young persons aged 6-18 y from 4 countries. Nationally representative data from Brazil (1975 and 1997), Russia (1992 and 1998), and the United States (1971-1974 and 1988-1994) and nationwide survey data from China (1991 and 1997) were used. To define overweight, we used the sex- and age-specific body mass index cutoffs recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The sex- and age-specific body mass index fifth percentile from the first US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to define underweight. The prevalence of overweight increased during the study periods in Brazil (from 4.1 to 13.9), China (from 6.4 to 7.7), and the United States (from 15.4 to 25.6); underweight decreased in Brazil (from 14.8 to 8.6), China (from 14.5 to 13.1), and the United States (from 5.1 to 3.3). In Russia, overweight decreased (from 15.6 to 9.0) and underweight increased (from 6.9 to 8.1). The annual rates of increase in the prevalence of overweight were 0.5% (Brazil), 0.2% (China), -1.1% (Russia), and 0.6% (United States). The burden of nutritional problems is shifting from energy imbalance deficiency to excess among older children and adolescents in Brazil and China. The variations across countries may relate to changes and differences in key environmental factors.
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              Obesity: the worldwide epidemic.

              Over the last decade, the prevalence of obesity in Western and Westernizing countries has more than doubled. A standardized classification of overweight and obesity, based on the body mass index now allows a comparison of prevalence rates worldwide for the first time. In children, the International Obesity Taskforce age, sex, and BMI specific cut-off points are increasingly being used. BMI data are being evaluated as part of a new analysis of the Global Burden of Disease. Prevalence rates for overweight and obese people are very different in each region with the Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe and North American having higher prevalence rates. Obesity is usually now associated with poverty even in developing countries. Relatively new data suggest that abdominal obesity in adults, with its associated enhanced morbidity, occurs particularly in those who had lower birth weights and early childhood stunting.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                September 2010
                : 26
                : 9
                : 1727-1737
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                [2 ] Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2010000900006
                b8b5c06b-6c62-4d75-93ae-1e64c45917fd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Abdominal Obesity,Sexual Maturation,Anthropometry,Students,Obesidade Abdominal,Maturidade Sexual,Antropometria,Estudantes

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