10
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Implicación de las conexinas, integrinas y cilio primario en la actividad de las células óseas Translated title: Implication of connexins, integrins and primary cilium in bone cell activity

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: los osteocitos son capaces de detectar diferentes señales, transducirlas en respuestas biológicas y trasmitirlas a los osteoblastos y osteoclastos, permitiendo el mantenimiento de la homeostasis ósea. La mecanotransducción ósea es posible gracias a que los osteocitos presentan diferentes estructuras mecanosensoras como las conexinas (Cx), las integrinas, el cilio primario e incluso receptores acoplados a proteínas G como el receptor de la parathormona tipo 1 (PTH1R). Objetivo: analizar la posible interacción de los diferentes elementos mecanosensores de los osteocitos y ver su influencia en la respuesta biológica. Material y métodos: se trabajó con las líneas celulares osteocíticas MLO-Y4 Cx43+/+ (scrambled (SCR) y ARNi α2) y Cx43-/-. Resultados y conclusión: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la Cx43 y la integrina α2 se encuentran involucradas en el aumento de la longitud del cilio primario, afectando potencialmente a su funcionalidad como mecanosensor (SCR vs. ARNi α2, p < 0,0001 SCR vs. Cx43-/- y p < 0,0001 ARNi α2 vs. Cx43-/-). La integrina α2 también influyó en la localización celular de Cx43 promoviendo que esta se encuentre en la membrana plasmática. También se observó que la activación de PTH1R por agonistas como parathormona (PTH) y proteína relacionada con la parathormona (PTHrP) inducen la fosforilación de la quinasa ERK 1/2, y estos efectos podrían verse afectados por la deficiencia en Cx43, pero no parecen ser mediados por el silenciamiento de integrina α2. Finalmente, se observó que la presencia de la Cx43 y de integrina α2 en los osteocitos aumenta su capacidad de adhesión (Cx43+/+ SCR y ARNi α2 vs. CX43-/- p < 0,001 y p = 0,0039) y que la deficiencia en Cx43 provoca un incremento de la mortalidad de estas células (Cx43-/- vs. Cx43+/+ p = 0,0074).

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: osteocytes are capable of detecting different signals, transducing them into biological responses and transmitting them to osteoblasts and osteoclasts, allowing the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Bone mechanotransduction is possible because osteocytes have different mechanosensor structures such as connexins (Cxs), integrins, the primary cilium and even receptors coupled to G proteins such as the type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R). Objective: to analyze the possible interaction of the different mechanosensor elements of the osteocytes and to observe their influence on the biological response. Material and methods: we worked with the osteocytic cell lines MLO-Y4 Cx43+/+ (scrambled [SCR] and RNAi α2) and Cx43-/-. Results and conclusion: our results show that Cx43 and integrin α2 are involved in lengthening the primary cilium, potentially affecting its functionality as a mechanosensor (SCR vs RNAi α2, p < 0.0001 SCR vs Cx43-/- and p < 0.0001 RNAi α2 vs Cx43-/-). The α2 integrin also influenced the cellular localization of Cx43, promoting its presence in the plasma membrane. Activation of PTH1R by agonists such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was also found to induce ERK 1/2 kinase phosphorylation, and these effects could be affected by Cx43 deficiency, but do not appear to be. mediated by the silencing of α2 integrin. Finally, it was observed that the presence of Cx43 and integrin α2 in osteocytes increases their adhesion capacity (Cx43+/+ SCR and RNAi α2 vs CX43-/- p < 0.001 and p = 0.0039) and that deficiency in Cx43 causes an increase in the mortality of these cells (Cx43-/- vs Cx43+/+ p = 0.0074).

          Related collections

          Most cited references21

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Cilium structure, assembly, and disassembly regulated by the cytoskeleton

          The cilium, once considered a vestigial structure, is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle critical for transducing extracellular chemical and mechanical signals that control cell polarity, differentiation, and proliferation. The cilium undergoes cycles of assembly and disassembly that are controlled by complex inter-relationships with the cytoskeleton. Microtubules form the core of the cilium, the axoneme, and are regulated by post-translational modifications, associated proteins, and microtubule dynamics. Although actin and septin cytoskeletons are not major components of the axoneme, they also regulate cilium organization and assembly state. Here, we discuss recent advances on how these different cytoskeletal systems­ affect cilium function, structure, and organization.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Active coacervate droplets as a model for membraneless organelles and protocells

            Membraneless organelles like stress granules are active liquid-liquid phase-separated droplets that are involved in many intracellular processes. Their active and dynamic behavior is often regulated by ATP-dependent reactions. However, how exactly membraneless organelles control their dynamic composition remains poorly understood. Herein, we present a model for membraneless organelles based on RNA-containing active coacervate droplets regulated by a fuel-driven reaction cycle. These droplets emerge when fuel is present, but decay without. Moreover, we find these droplets can transiently up-concentrate functional RNA which remains in its active folded state inside the droplets. Finally, we show that in their pathway towards decay, these droplets break apart in multiple droplet fragments. Emergence, decay, rapid exchange of building blocks, and functionality are all hallmarks of membrane-less organelles, and we believe that our work could be powerful as a model to study such organelles.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Primary Cilium-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms

              Primary cilia are hair-like organelles and play crucial roles in vertebrate development, organogenesis, health, and many genetic disorders. A primary cilium is a mechano-sensory organelle that responds to mechanical stimuli in the micro-environment. A cilium is also a chemosensor that senses chemical signals surrounding a cell. The overall function of a cilium is therefore to act as a communication hub to transfer extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Although intracellular calcium has been one of the most studied signaling messengers that transmit extracellular signals into the cells, calcium signaling by various ion channels remains a topic of interest in the field. This may be due to a broad spectrum of cilia functions that are dependent on or independent of utilizing calcium as a second messenger. We therefore revisit and discuss the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent ciliary signaling pathways of Hedgehog, Wnt, PDGFR, Notch, TGF-β, mTOR, OFD1 autophagy, and other GPCR-associated signaling. All of these signaling pathways play crucial roles in various cellular processes, such as in organ and embryonic development, cardiac functioning, planar cell polarity, transactivation, differentiation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                romm
                Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral
                Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner
                Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1889-836X
                2173-2345
                March 2023
                : 15
                : 1
                : 12-20
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameUniversidad San Pablo-CEU orgdiv1Instituto de Medicina Aplicada España
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad San Pablo-CEU orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas España
                Article
                S1889-836X2023000100003 S1889-836X(23)01500100003
                10.20960/revosteoporosmetabminer.00006
                b8f49b23-7745-4e9c-bace-8137c44e6366

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2022
                : 18 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Mechanical stimulation,Osteocitos,Conexina 43,Cilio primario,PTHrP,Integrinas,Estímulo mecánico,Osteocytes,Connexin 43,Primary cilium,Integrins

                Comments

                Comment on this article