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      Occult thyroid carcinoma: a tertiary hospital experience in Ibadan, Nigeria

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: There is a dearth of knowledge on the proportion that occult thyroid carcinoma constitutes amongst patients with thyroid cancer in our practice. This study was therefore conducted to review the cases of occult thyroid carcinoma with a focus on the presentation, management, and the outcome of care in a low resource tertiary hospital setting. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of 62 patients who were managed for thyroid cancer over a 15-year-period at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The patients who had more than two follow-up visits to the Thyroid Clinic, over the preceding fifteen years were included in this study. The types of surgeries performed on the patients were noted. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We also identified the various limitations that might have hindered the effective care of such patients. Results: Sixty-two consecutive patients, 12 male (19.4%) and 50 females (80.6%) with a median interquartile age range of 45 years, were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The surgeries performed on the patients were total thyroidectomy, 48 (77.4%), completion-thyroidectomy, 14 (22.6%), near total thyroidectomy, etc. Occult thyroid cancer constituted 38 (61.3%) of the patients managed for thyroid cancer. The most common histology subtype was papillary carcinoma. We identified late presentation, inadequate oncologic surgery, financial constraint etc., as limitations of optimal care. Conclusions: In view of the proportion of occult thyroid cancer in this cohort of patients, the clinically benign goitres might contain carcinoma or micro-carcinoma. Therefore, an aggressive public health campaign to encourage early presentation of our patients and primary reduction through total thyroidectomy is recommended to improve the outcome of care.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Existe una escasez de conocimiento sobre la proporción que constituye el carcinoma de tiroides oculto entre los pacientes con cáncer de tiroides en nuestra práctica. Por lo tanto, este estudio se realizó para revisar los casos de carcinoma de tiroides oculto con un enfoque en la presentación, el manejo y el resultado de la atención en un entorno hospitalario terciario de bajos recursos. Materiales y Métodos: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo de 62 pacientes que fueron tratados por cáncer de tiroides durante un período de 15 años en el University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Se incluyeron en este estudio los pacientes que tuvieron más de dos visitas de seguimiento al centro durante los quince años anteriores. Se anotaron los tipos de cirugías realizadas a los pacientes. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. También identificamos las diversas limitaciones que podrían haber obstaculizado la atención eficaz de estos pacientes. Resultados: Sesenta y dos pacientes consecutivos, 12 hombres (19,4%) y 50 mujeres (80,6%) con una mediana de edad intercuartil de 45 años, fueron diagnosticados de cáncer de tiroides. Las cirugías realizadas a los pacientes fueron tiroidectomía total, 48 (77,4%), tiroidectomía completa, 14 (22,6%), tiroidectomía casi total, etc. El cáncer de tiroides oculto constituyó 38 (61,3%) de los pacientes tratados por cáncer de tiroides. El subtipo histológico más común fue el carcinoma papilar. Identificamos la presentación tardía, la cirugía oncológica inadecuada, la restricción financiera, etc., como limitaciones de la atención óptima. Conclusiones: Dada la proporción de cáncer de tiroides oculto en esta cohorte de pacientes, los bocios clínicamente benignos pueden contener carcinoma o microcarcinoma. Por lo tanto, se recomienda una agresiva campaña de salud pública para fomentar la presentación temprana de nuestros pacientes y la reducción primaria mediante tiroidectomía total para mejorar el resultado de la atención.

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          Most cited references51

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          Cancer statistics, 1998

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            Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A "normal" finding in Finland. A systematic autopsy study.

            The thyroids from 101 consecutive autopsies from Finland were subserially sectioned at 2- to 3-mm intervals. From 36 thyroids, 52 foci of occult papillary carcinoma (OPC) were found, giving a prevalence rate of 35.6%, the highest reported rate in the world. The rate was higher, although not significantly, in males (43.3%) than in females (27.1%), but it did not correlate to the age of the patients. Twenty-six glands contained one tumor focus and ten glands contained two to five tumor foci. Only a minority of the smallest tumors can be detected with the method used. The probable number of OPCs over 0.15 mm in diameter was calculated to be about 300 in this material. The tumor diameter varied from 0.15 mm to 14.0 mm, with 67% of tumors under 1.0 mm. The smallest tumors were usually circumscribed and were composed almost solely of follicles. Larger tumors had more papillary structures and were often invasive. Fibrosis and, in the largest OPCs, lymphocytic reaction were seen around the invasive islands. All tumors were positively stained for thyroglobulin and all but one of the tumors stained positively for epidermal keratin. OPC appears to arise from follicular cells of normal follicles. Apparently the great majority of the tumors remain small and circumscribed and even from those few tumors that grow larger and become invasive OPCs only a minimal proportion will ever become a clinical carcinoma. According to the study, OPC can be regarded as a normal finding which should not be treated when incidentally found. In order to avoid unnecessary operations it is suggested that incidentally found small OPCs (less than 5 mm in diameter) were called occult papillary tumor instead of carcinoma.
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              Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijm
                Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
                Iberoam J Med
                Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, La Rioja, Spain )
                2695-5075
                2695-5075
                2021
                : 3
                : 3
                : 212-220
                Affiliations
                [2] Akure, Ondo State orgnameUniversity of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital orgdiv1Department of Surgery Nigeria
                [1] Ibadan Oyo orgnameUniversity of Ibadan orgdiv1University College Hospital orgdiv2Department of Surgery Nigeria
                [3] Ibadan Oyo orgnameUniversity of Ibadan orgdiv1University College Hospitaln orgdiv2Department of Surgery Nigeria
                Article
                S2695-50752021000300006 S2695-5075(21)00300300006
                10.5281/zenodo.4771174
                b8fe443f-bf3d-490c-8ad5-8434ab462a0d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 May 2021
                : 18 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Occult thyroid carcinoma,Carcinoma de tiroides oculto,Carcinoma papilar,Tiroidectomía,Papillary carcinoma,Thyroidectomy

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