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      Procalcitonin-Guided Use of Antibiotics for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

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          Abstract

          The effect of procalcitonin-guided use of antibiotics on treatment for suspected lower respiratory tract infection is unclear.

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          Antibiotic resistance--problems, progress, and prospects.

          Carl Nathan, Otto Cars (2014)
          Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia

            Beat Müller-Stich, Stephan Harbarth, Daiana Stolz … (2007)
            Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most frequent infection-related cause of death. The reference standard to diagnose CAP is a new infiltrate on chest radiograph in the presence of recently acquired respiratory signs and symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory biomarkers for CAP. Methods 545 patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection, admitted to the emergency department of a university hospital were included in a pre-planned post-hoc analysis of two controlled intervention trials. Baseline assessment included history, clinical examination, radiography and measurements of procalcitonin (PCT), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and leukocyte count. Results Of the 545 patients, 373 had CAP, 132 other respiratory tract infections, and 40 other final diagnoses. The AUC of a clinical model including standard clinical signs and symptoms (i.e. fever, cough, sputum production, abnormal chest auscultation and dyspnea) to diagnose CAP was 0.79 [95% CI, 0.75–0.83]. This AUC was significantly improved by including PCT and hsCRP (0.92 [0.89–0.94]; p < 0.001). PCT had a higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.88 [0.84–0.93]) in differentiating CAP from other diagnoses, as compared to hsCRP (AUC, 0.76 [0.69–0.83]; p < 0.001) and total leukocyte count (AUC, 0.69 [0.62–0.77]; p < 0.001). To predict bacteremia, PCT had a higher AUC (0.85 [0.80–0.91]) as compared to hsCRP (p = 0.01), leukocyte count (p = 0.002) and elevated body temperature (p < 0.001). PCT, in contrast to hsCRP and leukocyte count, increased with increasing severity of CAP, as assessed by the pneumonia severity index (p < 0.001). Conclusion PCT, and to a lesser degree hsCRP, improve the accuracy of currently recommended approaches for the diagnosis of CAP, thereby complementing clinical signs and symptoms. PCT is useful in the severity assessment of CAP.
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              The New Antibiotic Mantra—“Shorter Is Better”

              Brad Spellberg (2016)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: New England Journal of Medicine
                Abbreviated Title: N Engl J Med
                Publisher: New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS)
                ISSN (Print): 0028-4793
                ISSN (Electronic): 1533-4406
                Publication date Created: May 20 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): May 20 2018
                Affiliations
                [1 ]From the CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center (D.T.H., C.-C.H.C., J.A.K., O.M.P.-P., D.C.A.), the Departments of Critical Care Medicine (D.T.H., J.A.K., O.M.P.-P., D.C.A.), Emergency Medicine (D.T.H., D.M.Y., A.M.B., H.P.), and Pathology (O.M.P.-P.), the MACRO (Multidisciplinary Acute Care Research Organization) Center (D.T.H., D.M.Y., D.C.A.), and the Divisions of General Internal Medicine (C.-C.H.C., M.J.F., J.Y.) and Infectious Diseases (Y.D.),...
                Article
                DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802670
                PMC ID: 6197800
                PubMed ID: 29781385
                SO-VID: b90f3ffa-b496-47ff-8a95-93c268f9b37c
                Copyright © © 2018
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