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      Response to comment of Albarède and colleagues

      , , , University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Warwick
      Internet Archaeology
      Council for British Archaeology

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          Abstract

          Our purpose is to better understand the actions and behaviours of people in the past, often with a focus on ancient economies, and we are willing to use tools from any discipline that allow us to explore these issues. This is why it is so important that the limitations of techniques applied to archaeology are presented as explicitly as their utility.

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          Isotopic Ag-Cu-Pb record of silver circulation through 16th-18th century Spain

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            A glimpse into the Roman finances of the Second Punic War through silver isotopes

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              Is Open Access

              From commodity to money: The rise of silver coinage around the Ancient Mediterranean (sixth–first centuries bce )

              The reasons why the Western Mediterranean, especially Carthage and Rome, resisted monetization relative to the Eastern Mediterranean are still unclear. We address this question by combining lead (Pb) and silver (Ag) isotope abundances in silver coinage from the Aegean, Magna Graecia, Carthage and Roman Republic. The clear relationships observed between 109Ag/107Ag and 208Pb/206Pb reflect the mixing of silver ores or silver objects with Pb metal used for cupellation. The combined analysis of Ag and Pb isotopes reveals important information about the technology of smelting. The Greek world extracted Ag and Pb from associated ores, whereas, on the Iberian Peninsula, Carthaginians and Republican‐era Romans applied Phoenician cupellation techniques and added exotic Pb to Pb‐poor Ag ores. Massive Ag recupellation is observed in Rome during the Second Punic War. After defeating the Carthaginians and the Macedonians in the late second century bce, the Romans brought together the efficient, millennium‐old techniques of silver extraction of the Phoenicians, who considered this metal a simple commodity, with the monetization of the economy introduced by the Greeks.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Internet Archaeology
                Internet Archaeol.
                Council for British Archaeology
                13635387
                October 2023
                October 2023
                : 61
                Article
                10.11141/ia.61.10.response
                b9638ebc-56f9-4f2b-a038-86d4fedd6dea
                © 2023
                History

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