Aptamers for pharmaceuticals and their application in environmental analytics

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Abstract

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, which are able to bind with high affinity and specificity to their target. This property is used for a multitude of applications, for instance as molecular recognition elements in biosensors and other assays. Biosensor application of aptamers offers the possibility for fast and easy detection of environmental relevant substances. Pharmaceutical residues, deriving from human or animal medical treatment, are found in surface, ground, and drinking water. At least the whole range of frequently administered drugs can be detected in noticeable concentrations. Biosensors and assays based on aptamers as specific recognition elements are very convenient for this application because aptamer development is possible for toxic targets. Commonly used biological receptors for biosensors like enzymes or antibodies are mostly unavailable for the detection of pharmaceuticals. This review describes the research activities of aptamer and sensor developments for pharmaceutical detection, with focus on environmental applications.

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Most cited references 141

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Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase.

L Gold, C Tuerk (1990)

High-affinity nucleic acid ligands for a protein were isolated by a procedure that depends on alternate cycles of ligand selection from pools of variant sequences and amplification of the bound species. Multiple rounds exponentially enrich the population for the highest affinity species that can be clonally isolated and characterized. In particular one eight-base region of an RNA that interacts with the T4 DNA polymerase was chosen and randomized. Two different sequences were selected by this procedure from the calculated pool of 65,536 species. One is the wild-type sequence found in the bacteriophage mRNA; one is varied from wild type at four positions. The binding constants of these two RNA's to T4 DNA polymerase are equivalent. These protocols with minimal modification can yield high-affinity ligands for any protein that binds nucleic acids as part of its function; high-affinity ligands could conceivably be developed for any target molecule.

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Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan.

J. Oaks, Martin Gilbert, Munir Z. Virani … (2004)

The Oriental white-backed vulture (OWBV; Gyps bengalensis) was once one of the most common raptors in the Indian subcontinent. A population decline of >95%, starting in the 1990s, was first noted at Keoladeo National Park, India. Since then, catastrophic declines, also involving Gyps indicus and Gyps tenuirostris, have continued to be reported across the subcontinent. Consequently these vultures are now listed as critically endangered by BirdLife International. In 2000, the Peregrine Fund initiated its Asian Vulture Crisis Project with the Ornithological Society of Pakistan, establishing study sites at 16 OWBV colonies in the Kasur, Khanewal and Muzaffargarh-Layyah Districts of Pakistan to measure mortality at over 2,400 active nest sites. Between 2000 and 2003, high annual adult and subadult mortality (5-86%) and resulting population declines (34-95%) (ref. 5 and M.G., manuscript in preparation) were associated with renal failure and visceral gout. Here, we provide results that directly correlate residues of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac with renal failure. Diclofenac residues and renal disease were reproduced experimentally in OWBVs by direct oral exposure and through feeding vultures diclofenac-treated livestock. We propose that residues of veterinary diclofenac are responsible for the OWBV decline.

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SELEX--a (r)evolutionary method to generate high-affinity nucleic acid ligands.

Regina Stoltenburg, Christine Reinemann, Beate Strehlitz (2007)

SELEX stands for systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. This method, described primarily in 1990 [Ellington, A.D., Szostak, J.W., 1990. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature 346, 818-822; Tuerk, C., Gold, L., 1990. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. Science 249, 505-510] aims at the development of aptamers, which are oligonucleotides (RNA or ssDNA) binding to their target with high selectivity and sensitivity because of their three-dimensional shape. Aptamers are all new ligands with a high affinity for considerably differing molecules ranging from large targets as proteins over peptides, complex molecules to drugs and organic small molecules or even metal ions. Aptamers are widely used, including medical and pharmaceutical basic research, drug development, diagnosis, and therapy. Analytical and separation tools bearing aptamers as molecular recognition and binding elements are another big field of application. Moreover, aptamers are used for the investigation of binding phenomena in proteomics. The SELEX method was modified over the years in different ways to become more efficient and less time consuming, to reach higher affinities of the aptamers selected and for automation of the process. This review is focused on the development of aptamers by use of SELEX and gives an overview about technologies, advantages, limitations, and applications of aptamers.

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Author and article information

Contributors

: +49-341-2351764 , +49-341-235451764 , beate.strehlitz@ufz.de

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioanal Rev

Title: Bioanalytical Reviews

Publisher: Springer Vienna (Vienna )

ISSN (Print): 1867-2086

ISSN (Electronic): 1867-2094

Publication date (Electronic): 17 December 2011

Publication date PMC-release: 17 December 2011

Publication date (Print): March 2012

Volume: 4

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-30

Affiliations

UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

Article

Publisher ID: 26

DOI: 10.1007/s12566-011-0026-1

PMC ID: 3281204

PubMed ID: 22389661

SO-VID: b9915b4a-d22e-4397-8e63-8991a35bcf4d

History

Date received : 27 July 2011

Date accepted : 10 November 2011

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

Keywords: environmental analysis,small organic molecule,aptamer,biosensor,pharmaceutical

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

Keywords: environmental analysis, small organic molecule, aptamer, biosensor, pharmaceutical

Aptamers for pharmaceuticals and their application in environmental analytics

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Abstract

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Environmental, Social, and Governance

Most cited references 141

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase.

Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan.

SELEX--a (r)evolutionary method to generate high-affinity nucleic acid ligands.

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