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      Simulating complex snow distributions in windy environments using SnowTran-3D

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          Abstract

          We present a generalized version of SnowTran-3D (version 2.0), that simulates wind-related snow distributions over the range of topographic and climatic environments found globally. This version includes three primary enhancements to the original Liston and Sturm (1998) model: (1) an improved wind sub-model, (2) a two-layer sub-model describing the spatial and temporal evolution of friction velocity that must be exceeded to transport snow (the threshold friction velocity) and (3) implementation of a three-dimensional, equilibrium-drift profile sub-model that forces SnowTran-3D snow accumulations to duplicate observed drift profiles. These three sub-models allow SnowTran-3D to simulate snow-transport processes in variable topography and different snow climates. In addition, SnowTran-3D has been coupled to a high-resolution, spatially distributed meteorological model (MicroMet) to provide more realistic atmospheric forcing data. MicroMet distributes data (precipitation, wind speed and direction, air temperature and relative humidity) obtained from meteorological stations and/or atmospheric models located within or near the simulation domain. SnowTran-3D has also been coupled to a spatially distributed energy- and mass-balance snow-evolution modeling system (SnowModel) designed for application in any landscape and climate where snow is found. SnowTran-3D is typically run using temporal increments ranging from 1 hour to 1 day, horizontal grid increments ranging from 1 to 100 m and time-spans ranging from individual storms to entire snow seasons.

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          Most cited references75

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          A Technique for Maximizing Details in Numerical Weather Map Analysis

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            RAMS 2001: Current status and future directions

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              Snow–Shrub Interactions in Arctic Tundra: A Hypothesis with Climatic Implications

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Glaciology
                J. Glaciol.
                International Glaciological Society
                0022-1430
                1727-5652
                2007
                September 08 2017
                2007
                : 53
                : 181
                : 241-256
                Article
                10.3189/172756507782202865
                b9a3d82e-6c9b-43fe-8727-14d5723c38fa
                © 2007

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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