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      Factores que influyen en la elección de la especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria Translated title: Elements influencing the election of Family and Community Medicine

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          Abstract

          Objetivo

          Analizar las percepciones, motivaciones y razones que influyen al elegir la especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC), y explorar posibles propuestas de cambio sobre el modelo sanitario y la formación universitaria.

          Diseño

          Estudio cualitativo descriptivo-interpretativo de perspectiva socioconstructivista.

          Emplazamiento

          Unidades docentes del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona.

          Participantes y contexto

          Se contactó con 55 residentes de primer año de MFyC pertenecientes a la U.D. MFyC Barcelona Ciutat ICS vía telefónica, y se reclutaron 25 participantes que fueron segmentadas en dos grupos según hubieran escogido MFyC como primera opción o no. Mediante muestreo en bola de nieve, se reclutaron once residentes de primer año de otras especialidades.

          Método

          Constitución de tres grupos focales: (a) MFyC como primera opción, (b) no como primera opción y (c) otras especialidades. Desarrollo de entrevistas grupales semiestructuradas de dos horas de duración. Codificación inductiva con una primera triangulación intra-grupo y una segunda triangulación inter-grupo, posterior análisis de contenido temático.

          Resultados

          La elección de plaza MIR representa un gran hito académico y es pensado como determinante para el futuro tanto profesional como personal. Así, se dibuja como resultado de una compleja trama de elementos influyentes, destacando la formación universitaria, el modelo sanitario, las expectativas laborales y la valoración social de la especialidad. Poniendo en relación los diferentes factores, se pone de manifiesto el fenómeno llamado desprestigio de la AP.

          Conclusión

          La especialidad de MFyC no será atractiva en un sistema sanitario y formativo hospitalo-céntrico que no apuesta por la AP organizativa ni económicamente.

          Translated abstract

          Aim

          To analyze the perceptions, motives and reasons that influence the election of Family and Community Medicine (FCM) speciality, thus exploring possible proposals for change in the health system model and university training.

          Design

          Descriptive–interpretative qualitative research from a socio-constructivist perspective.

          Emplacement

          Medical speciality training departments in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona.

          Participants and context

          55 first year junior doctors belonging to the FCM Barcelona Ciutat ICS training department were contacted; 25 agreed to participate. They were segmented into two groups depending on if the choice of FCM had been their first option or not. Through snowball sampling 11 more junior doctors from other specialities were recruited.

          Method

          Three focus groups were formed: (a) first choice FCM, (b) not first choice FCM and (c) other specialities. Semi-structured 2-h long interviews took place with each of the groups. Literal transcription and inductive codification with a first triangulation within each group and a second one between the three of them and thematic content analyses.

          Results

          The choice of speciality is lived as an academic milestone and is thought determining professional and personally. It is a complex weave of influencing elements but some of main factors were university training, health system model, professional prospects and the social appreciation of the speciality. Analyzing the relation between these elements puts light on a phenomena we have called “the discredit of Primary Care (PC)”.

          Conclusion

          The FCM specialty will not be attractive in a hospital-centric health and training system that does not bet on PC organizationally or economically.

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          Most cited references21

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          Contribution of primary care to health systems and health.

          Evidence of the health-promoting influence of primary care has been accumulating ever since researchers have been able to distinguish primary care from other aspects of the health services delivery system. This evidence shows that primary care helps prevent illness and death, regardless of whether the care is characterized by supply of primary care physicians, a relationship with a source of primary care, or the receipt of important features of primary care. The evidence also shows that primary care (in contrast to specialty care) is associated with a more equitable distribution of health in populations, a finding that holds in both cross-national and within-national studies. The means by which primary care improves health have been identified, thus suggesting ways to improve overall health and reduce differences in health across major population subgroups.
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            Association of Primary Care Physician Supply With Population Mortality in the United States, 2005-2015

            Recent US health care reforms incentivize improved population health outcomes and primary care functions. It remains unclear how much improving primary care physician supply can improve population health, independent of other health care and socioeconomic factors.
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              Addressing the crisis of GP recruitment and retention: a systematic review.

              The numbers of GPs and training places in general practice are declining, and retaining GPs in their practices is an increasing problem.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Aten Primaria
                Aten Primaria
                Atencion Primaria
                Elsevier
                0212-6567
                1578-1275
                21 July 2021
                December 2021
                21 July 2021
                : 53
                : 10
                : 102153
                Affiliations
                [0005]Unitat Docent Barcelona Ciutat Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España
                Author notes
                [* ]Autora para correspondencia. martaflorensapuig@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0212-6567(21)00187-6 102153
                10.1016/j.aprim.2021.102153
                8322123
                34303062
                b9adbfba-30d2-46da-9b49-6d2b46948c4d
                © 2021 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 24 December 2020
                : 11 June 2021
                Categories
                Original

                especialidad,elección,mir,cualitativa,medicina de familia,specialization,election,residency program,qualitative,family medicine

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