Association of Body Weight and Body Mass Index with Bone Mineral Density in Women and Men from Kosovo

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Abstract

Background and objective:

Body weight and body mass index (BMI) are considered potentially modifiable determinants of bone mass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association between body weight and body mass index (BMI) with total hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included a population of 100 women and 32 men from Kosovo into three BMI groups. All the study subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements.

Results:

Total hip BMD levels of obese menopausal and premenopausal women and men were significantly higher compared to overweight or normal weight subjects, while lumbar spine BMD levels of only menopausal women and men were higher among obese subjects. Age-adjusted linear regression analysis showed that BMI is a significant independent associate of lumbar spine and total hip BMD in menopausal women and men.

Conclusion:

Despite positive association between BMI and lumbar spine and total hip BMD in menopausal women, presence of more obese and osteoporotic subjects among menopausal women represent a population at risk for fractures because of poor balance and frequent falls; therefore, both obesity and osteoporosis prevention efforts should begin early on in life.

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Most cited references 17

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Body mass index is positively associated with bone mineral density in US older adults.

Jennifer T Lloyd, Dawn E. Alley, William G Hawkes … (2014)

Literature has been conflicting as to whether obesity is protective against osteoporosis. Understanding the relationship is particularly important in light of the increasing prevalence of obesity among older adults. Study results confirm a protective association between obesity and osteoporosis in a recent, nationally representative sample of US older adults.

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Obesity and fracture risk.

Stefano Gonnelli, Carla Caffarelli, Ranuccio Nuti (2014)

Obesity and osteoporosis are two common diseases with an increasing prevalence and a high impact on morbidity and mortality. Obese women have always been considered protected against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. However, several recent studies have challenged the widespread belief that obesity is protective against fracture and have suggested that obesity is a risk factor for certain fractures. Fat and bone are linked by many pathways, which ultimately serve the function of providing a skeleton appropriate to the mass of adipose tissue it is carrying. Leptin, adiponectin, adipocytic estrogens and insulin/amylin are involved in this connection. However, excessive body fat, and particularly abdominal fat, produces inflammatory cytokines which may stimulate bone resorption and reduce bone strength. This review aimed to examine the literature data on the relationships of BMI and fat mass with factures in adult and elderly subjects. Even though the more recent studies have shown conflicting results, there is growing evidence that obesity, and particularly severe obesity, may be related to an increased risk of fracture at different skeletal sites which is partially independent from BMD. Moreover, the relationship between obesity and fracture appears to be markedly influenced by ethnicity, gender and fat distribution. Even though the incidence and the pathogenesis of fracture in obese individuals has not yet been clearly defined, the growing evidence that obesity may be related to an increased risk of fracture has important public health implications and emphasizes the need to develop effective strategies to reduce fracture risk in obese subjects.

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Is obesity protective for osteoporosis? Evaluation of bone mineral density in individuals with high body mass index.

A Aversa, C Lubrano, M Brama … (2010)

Obese individuals often present comorbidities while they appear protected against the development of osteoporosis. However, few and contradictory data are now available on skeletal modifications in obese patients. The aim of this study was to characterise bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight (BMI > 25 30) patients. We selected 398 patients (291 women, 107 men, age 44.1 + 14.2 years, BMI 35.8 + 5.9 kg/m(2)) who underwent clinical examination, blood tests and examination of body composition. Subjects with chronic conditions or taking medications interfering with bone metabolism, hormonal and nutritional status and recent weight loss were excluded. Interestingly, 37% (n = 146) of this population showed a significantly lower than expected lumbar BMD: 33% (n = 98) of women showed a T-score -1.84 +/- 0.71, and 45% (n = 48) of men showed a T-score -1.88 +/- 0.64. When the population was divided into subgroups based on different BMI, it was noted that overweight (BMI > 25 30) was associated with a low bone mass, compatible with a diagnosis of osteoporosis. No differences were observed in hormones and lipid profiles among subgroups. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of obese patients has a significant low lumbar BMD than expected for age. Thus, a careful characterisation of skeletal metabolism might be useful in all obese individuals to avoid fragility fractures later in life.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mater Sociomed

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mater Sociomed

Journal ID (publisher-id): MSM

Title: Materia Socio-Medica

Publisher: AVICENA, d.o.o., Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina )

ISSN (Print): 1512-7680

ISSN (Electronic): 1986-597X

Publication date (Print): August 2015

Volume: 27

Issue: 4

Pages: 259-262

Affiliations

[1 ]Clinic of Rheumatology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo

[2 ]Clinic of Endocrinology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo

[3 ]Physical Medicine Department, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo

Author notes

Corresponding author: Sylejman Rexhepi, MD PhD. Rheumatology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, University of Prishtina, Kosovo, E-mail: sylejmanrexhepi@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: MSM-27-259

DOI: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.259-262

PMC ID: 4610606

PubMed ID: 26543419

SO-VID: b9c5e954-a403-424a-a079-825174507fe5

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Association of Body Weight and Body Mass Index with Bone Mineral Density in Women and Men from Kosovo

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Abstract

Background and objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 17

Body mass index is positively associated with bone mineral density in US older adults.

Obesity and fracture risk.

Is obesity protective for osteoporosis? Evaluation of bone mineral density in individuals with high body mass index.

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