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      Damage caused by cattle to Eucalyptus benthamii trees in pruned and unpruned silvopastoral systems Translated title: Danos causados por bovinos a Eucalyptus benthamii, com ou sem desrama, em sistemas silvipastoris

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of tree pruning on the incidence and intensity of the damages caused by cattle to 26-month-old Eucalyptus benthamii, in a silvopastoral system, in the municipality of Pinhais, in the state Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design, with two treatments - livestock and forest with pruned eucalyptus (WP), and livestock and forest with unpruned eucalyptus (UP) - and three replicates, characterizing six types of damages and five damage intensities. There were significant differences between the WP and UP treatments for the different types of damages. Cattle entry in the silvopastoral system at 26 months after the planting of eucalyptus causes low-intensity damages to the trees, in the treatment with pruning, and medium-intensity damages to the trees in the treatment without pruning. Damages of stronger intensities were detected in the UP treatment, in which class-two damages (d2 = average damage) were verified in approximately 91% of the trees. The silvicultural practice of pruning E. benthamii trees does not affect the diameter at breast height or the total height of trees. Pruning can be recommended, as it does not affect tree development; moreover, this practice enables the production of knot-free, better-quality wood.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da desrama sobre a incidência e intensidade de danos causados por bovinos a Eucalyptus benthamii aos 26 meses de idade, no município de Pinhais, no estado do Paraná, Brasil. O experimento foi feito em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos - pecuária-floresta com eucaliptos desramados (WP) e pecuária-floresta com eucaliptos sem desrama (UP) - e três repetições, que caracterizaram seis tipos de danos e cinco intensidades. Houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos WP e UP para os diferentes tipos de danos. A entrada de bovinos no sistema silvipastoril, 26 meses após o plantio de eucalipto, causa danos de baixa intensidade às árvores, no tratamento com desrama, e danos de média intensidade às árvores no tratamento sem desrama. Danos de maiores intensidades foram registrados no tratamento UP, em que o dano de classe dois (d2 = dano médio) foi verificado em aproximadamente 91% das árvores. A prática silvicultural de desrama das árvores de E. benthamii não afeta o diâmetro à altura do peito nem a altura total das árvores. A desrama pode ser recomendada, já que não influencia o desenvolvimento das árvores; além disso, essa prática possibilita a produção de madeira sem nós, de melhor qualidade.

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          Evolução tecnológica e arranjos produtivos de sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta no Brasil

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            Ruminant self-medication against gastrointestinal nematodes: evidence, mechanism, and origins☆

            Gastrointestinal helminths challenge ruminants in ways that reduce their fitness. In turn, ruminants have evolved physiological and behavioral adaptations that counteract this challenge. Ruminants display anorexia and avoidance behaviors, which tend to reduce the incidence of parasitism. In addition, ruminants appear to learn to self-medicate against gastrointestinal parasites by increasing consumption of plant secondary compounds with antiparasitic actions. This selective feeding improves health and fitness. Here, we review the evidence for self-medication in ruminants, propose a hypothesis to explain self-medicative behaviors (based on post-ingestive consequences), and discuss mechanisms (e.g., enhanced neophilia, social transmission) that may underlie the ontogeny and spread of self-medicative behaviors in social groups. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie and trigger self-medication in parasitized animals will help scientists devise innovative and more sustainable management strategies for improving ruminant health and well-being.
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              Factors Affecting BeechFagus sylvaticaBark Stripping by Red DeerCervus elaphusin a Mixed Forest

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                2020
                : 55
                : e01275
                Affiliations
                [2] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo Brazil anibalm@ 123456ufpr.br
                [3] Colombo Paraná orgnameEmbrapa Florestas Brazil vanderley.porfirio@ 123456embrapa.br
                [4] Guarapuava Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Brazil slustosa@ 123456unicentro.br
                [1] Rio do Sul Santa Catarina orgnameInstituto Federal Catarinense Brazil gilmartriches@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-204X2020000102602 S0100-204X(20)05500002602
                10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01275
                b9e324c2-037b-4eff-9f38-43a45176c9ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 April 2020
                : 09 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Crop Science

                diameter at breast height,forestry,forest,silvicultura,quality wood,floresta,diâmetro à altura do peito,madeira de qualidade

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