Automating microfluidic part verification

We report on a microfluidic particle-separation device that makes use of the asymmetric bifurcation of laminar flow around obstacles. A particle chooses its path deterministically on the basis of its size. All particles of a given size follow equivalent migration paths, leading to high resolution. The microspheres of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 micrometers that were used to characterize the device were sorted in 40 seconds with a resolution of approximately 10 nanometers, which was better than the time and resolution of conventional flow techniques. Bacterial artificial chromosomes could be separated in 10 minutes with a resolution of approximately 12%.

The fractionation of small particles in a liquid based on their size in a micropost array by deterministic lateral displacement was recently demonstrated with unprecedented resolution (L. R. Huang, E. C. Cox, R. H. Austin and J. C. Sturm, Science, 2004, 304, 987-990, ). In this paper, we present a model of how the critical particle size for fractionation depends on the micropost geometry, depending specifically on the gap between posts, the offset of posts in one row with respect to another, and whether the fluid is driven by hydrodynamics or by electroosmosis. In general the critical particle diameter is much smaller than the gap, which prevents clogging. The model is supported by data with particles from 2.3 to 22 microm.