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# Non-Thermal Cosmic Rays During Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to Solve the Lithium Problem

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### Abstract

The discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of primordial lithium abundances and astronomical observations is called the Lithium Problem. We find that extra contributions from non-thermal hydrogen and helium during Big Bang nucleosynthesis can explain the discrepancy, for both Li-7 and Li-6, and will change the deuterium abundance only little. The allowed parameter space of such an amount of non-thermal particles and the energy range is shown. The hypothesis is stable regardless of the cross-section uncertainty of relevant reactions and the explicit shape of the energy spectrum.

### Most cited references9

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### Experimental, computational, and observational analysis of primordial nucleosynthesis

(1993)
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### Synthesis of the Elements Within Objects Exploding from Very High Temperatures

(1969)
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### Large-scale magnetic fields from hydromagnetic turbulence in the very early universe

(1996)
We investigate hydromagnetic turbulence of primordial magnetic fields using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in an expanding universe. We present the basic, covariant MHD equations, find solutions for MHD waves in the early universe, and investigate the equations numerically for random magnetic fields in two spatial dimensions. We find the formation of magnetic structures at larger and larger scales as time goes on. In three dimensions we use a cascade (shell) model, that has been rather successful in the study of certain aspects of hydrodynamic turbulence. Using such a model we find that after $${\cal O}(10^9)$$ times the initial time the scale of the magnetic field fluctuation (in the comoving frame) has increased by 4-5 orders of magnitude as a consequence of an inverse cascade effect (i.e. transfer of energy from smaller to larger scales). Thus {\it at large scales} primordial magnetic fields are considerably stronger than expected from considerations which do not take into account the effects of MHD turbulence.
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### Author and article information

###### Journal
08 January 2018
###### Article
1801.02389