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      Antiatherosclerotic Potential of Active Principle Isolated from Eugenia jambolana in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

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          Abstract

          The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiatherosclerotic effect of active principle (FIIc) isolated from aqueous fruit pulp extract of Eugenia jambolana. Crude aqueous extract of E. jambolana was subjected to purification using chromatographic techniques which yielded purified active compound (FIIc). Purity of FIIc was tested by HPLC. Phytochemical investigation of FIIc by NMR, IR, and UV spectra showed that the purified compound is α- hydroxy succinamic acid. The streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were fed atherosclerotic (Ath) diet containing 1.5 mL olive oil containing 8 mg (3, 20,000 IU) vitamin D 2 and 40 mg cholesterol for 5 consecutive days. The STZ-induced diabetic rats receiving Ath diet were orally administered FIIc at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg, and results were compared with reference drug, that is, glibenclamide (600  μg/mg) and healthy control. 30-day treatment with FIIc resulted in significant ( P < .001) improvement in blood glucose, serum lipid profile, apolipoproteins (Apo A 1 and apoB 100), and endothelial dysfunction parameters. Histomorphological studies also confirmed biochemical findings. Our results showed that FIIc has protective effect on hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis.

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          Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals.

          Kristin M. Zimmermann (1983)
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            Nitrite and nitrate determinations in plasma: a critical evaluation.

            J J Huizenga, H Moshage, Jasper P. Jansen … (1995)
            Plasma nitrite and nitrate determinations are increasingly being used in clinical chemistry as markers for the activity of nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide radicals. However, a systematic evaluation of the determination of nitrite and nitrate in plasma has not been performed. In this study the recovery and stability of nitrite and nitrate in whole blood and in plasma, the relation between nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma, and possible sources of artifacts were investigated. The main conclusions are: (a) Recovery of nitrite and nitrate from plasma is near-quantitative (87%) and reproducible; (b) nitrite and nitrate are stable in (frozen) plasma for at least 1 year; (c) nitrite in whole blood is very rapidly (> 95% in 1 h) oxidized to nitrate, and therefore plasma nitrite determination alone is meaningless; (d) the ranges of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma samples of 26 healthy persons are 1.3-13 mumol/L (mean 4.2 mumol/L) and 4.0-45.3 mumol/L (mean 19.7 mumol/L), respectively; (e) plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were not correlated (nitrite as % of total nitrite + nitrate varied from 3.9% to 88% in plasma samples); and (f) plasma samples should be deproteinized, and background controls for each sample should be included in the assay, to avoid measuring artifactually high nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma.
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              Who Uses CAM? A Narrative Review of Demographic Characteristics and Health Factors Associated with CAM Use

              Felicity Bishop, G. Lewith (2008)
              Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) are used by an extensive number of patients in the UK and elsewhere. In order to understand this pattern of behavior, it is helpful to examine the characteristics of people who use CAM. This narrative review collates and evaluates the evidence concerning the demographic characteristics and health status factors associated with CAM use in community-based non-clinical populations. A systematic literature search of computerized databases was conducted, and published research papers which present evidence concerning associations between CAM use and demographic and health characteristics are discussed and evaluated. The evidence suggests that people who use CAM tend to be female, of middle age and have more education. In terms of their health, CAM users tend to have more than one medical condition, but might not be more likely than non-users to have specific conditions such as cancer or to rate their own general health as poor. The multivariate studies that have been conducted suggest that both demographic and health characteristics contribute independently to CAM use. In conclusion, demographic characteristics and factors related to an individual's health status are associated with CAM use. Future research is needed to address methodological limitations in existing studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ECAM
                Title: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1741-427X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-4288
                Publication date (Print): 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 April 2011
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 April 2011
                Volume: 2011
                Electronic Location Identifier: 127641
                Affiliations
                1Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
                2Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
                Author notes
                *Suman Bala Sharma: drsbs08@ 123456yahoo.in
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2011/127641
                PMC ID: 3092151
                PubMed ID: 21584267
                SO-VID: ba121a63-256e-4d40-920d-c19570af2ef3
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011 Reenu Singh Tanwar et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 2 July 2010
                Date revision received : 25 November 2010
                Date accepted : 15 February 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine

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