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      High Gamma Power Is Phase-Locked to Theta Oscillations in Human Neocortex

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          Abstract

          We observed robust coupling between the high- and low-frequency bands of ongoing electrical activity in the human brain. In particular, the phase of the low-frequency theta (4 to 8 hertz) rhythm modulates power in the high gamma (80 to 150 hertz) band of the electrocorticogram, with stronger modulation occurring at higher theta amplitudes. Furthermore, different behavioral tasks evoke distinct patterns of theta/high gamma coupling across the cortex. The results indicate that transient coupling between low- and high-frequency brain rhythms coordinates activity in distributed cortical areas, providing a mechanism for effective communication during cognitive processing in humans.

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          Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks.

          G Buzsáki (2004)
          Clocks tick, bridges and skyscrapers vibrate, neuronal networks oscillate. Are neuronal oscillations an inevitable by-product, similar to bridge vibrations, or an essential part of the brain's design? Mammalian cortical neurons form behavior-dependent oscillating networks of various sizes, which span five orders of magnitude in frequency. These oscillations are phylogenetically preserved, suggesting that they are functionally relevant. Recent findings indicate that network oscillations bias input selection, temporally link neurons into assemblies, and facilitate synaptic plasticity, mechanisms that cooperatively support temporal representation and long-term consolidation of information.
          Article 0 comments Cited 723 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence.

            Pascal Fries (2006)
            At any one moment, many neuronal groups in our brain are active. Microelectrode recordings have characterized the activation of single neurons and fMRI has unveiled brain-wide activation patterns. Now it is time to understand how the many active neuronal groups interact with each other and how their communication is flexibly modulated to bring about our cognitive dynamics. I hypothesize that neuronal communication is mechanistically subserved by neuronal coherence. Activated neuronal groups oscillate and thereby undergo rhythmic excitability fluctuations that produce temporal windows for communication. Only coherently oscillating neuronal groups can interact effectively, because their communication windows for input and for output are open at the same times. Thus, a flexible pattern of coherence defines a flexible communication structure, which subserves our cognitive flexibility.
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              Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal.

              N. K. Logothetis, J Pauls, M Augath … (2001)
              Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to study the operational organization of the human brain, but the exact relationship between the measured fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical recordings of neural signals and fMRI responses. We compared local field potentials (LFPs), single- and multi-unit spiking activity with highly spatio-temporally resolved blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI responses from the visual cortex of monkeys. The largest magnitude changes were observed in LFPs, which at recording sites characterized by transient responses were the only signal that significantly correlated with the haemodynamic response. Linear systems analysis on a trial-by-trial basis showed that the impulse response of the neurovascular system is both animal- and site-specific, and that LFPs yield a better estimate of BOLD responses than the multi-unit responses. These findings suggest that the BOLD contrast mechanism reflects the input and intracortical processing of a given area rather than its spiking output.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Science
                Abbreviated Title: Science
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                ISSN (Print): 0036-8075
                ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203
                Publication date Created: September 15 2006
                Publication date (Print): September 15 2006
                Volume: 313
                Issue: 5793
                Pages: 1626-1628
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
                [3 ]Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
                [4 ]Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
                [5 ]Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1126/science.1128115
                PMC ID: 2628289
                PubMed ID: 16973878
                SO-VID: ba12e298-b5eb-472c-9509-eb88f2ad7cfc
                Copyright © © 2006
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