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      Impacto de una intervención educativa sobre asma en los profesores de Educación Infantil y Primaria de una zona básica de salud Translated title: Impact of an educational intervention about asthma on early childhood and primary education teachers in one health district

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          Abstract

          Introducción: un adecuado conocimiento sobre asma por los profesores de los centros educativos es necesario para un correcto control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una intervención educativa en el nivel de conocimientos sobre el asma y su manejo en profesores de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Material y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, tipo antes y después, de una intervención educativa (IE) sobre asma en profesores de centros escolares de una zona básica de salud de Valladolid. Se realizó un cuestionario previo a la intervención educativa, inmediatamente después y a los seis meses. Resultados: participaron 100 docentes (69,93%) de cinco colegios. Edad media 44,2 ± 8 años (rango: 28-59). Mujeres: 82%. El nivel de conocimientos sobre asma es bajo. Identifica los principales síntomas del asma el 65% de los participantes y los desencadenantes de una crisis el 59%. No sabe si los niños con asma pueden hacer deporte de competición el 30%. Cree que una crisis no puede ser evitada durante el ejercicio el 26%. Considera el tratamiento inhalado el más eficaz el 79% y los antibióticos parte del tratamiento el 7%. Cree que el salbutamol daña el corazón el 5%. Después de la intervención educativa observamos un incremento significativo en los conocimientos sobre asma (p <0,001) y se mantiene a los seis meses. Conclusiones: una intervención educativa dirigida a los profesores aumenta significativamente el nivel de conocimientos sobre el asma. Este incremento se mantiene durante al menos seis meses. Son necesarias actividades educativas y medidas organizativas sobre asma en la escuela.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: an appropriate knowledge about asthma by teachers in schools is essential for its control. Objective: to determine the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of teachers about asthma and its management in the primary schools located in one health district. Patients and methods: quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study assessing an educational intervention aimed at improving the knowledge on asthma of teachers. A questionnaire was administered before, immediately after and 6 months after the educational intervention. Results: 100 teachers (69.93%) employed in 5 schools participated in the study. The mean age was 44.2 ± 8 years (range, 28-59 years), 82% were women. We found a low level of asthma knowledge in the teaching staff. Many participants could identify the main symptoms of asthma (65%) and the main triggers (59%). Thirty percent did not know whether these students could participate in competitive sports, and 26% believed it was not possible to prevent exercise-induced asthma attacks. Seventy-nine percent knew that inhaled therapy was the best approach. Seven percent stated that antibiotics are a component of asthma treatment. Five percent believed salbutamol could damage the heart. After the educational intervention, we noticed a significant increase on asthma knowledge (p <0.001). The level of knowledge was maintained 6 months after the intervention. Conclusions: educational interventions aimed at teachers significantly increase the level of asthma knowledge. This improvement is maintained for at least 6 months. Educational activities and organizational measures on asthma are necessary in the school setting.

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          Most cited references28

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          The international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): phase three rationale and methods.

          The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) programme commenced in 1991 to study the aetiology of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema in children in different populations using standardised methodology and facilitating international collaboration. ISAAC Phase One (1992-1996) found marked differences in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergic disease throughout the world which have not been explained by the current understanding of these diseases. ISAAC Phase Two (1998-2004) uses intensive investigations to further examine the potential role of risk and protective factors that may contribute to the international difference observed in Phase One. Phase Three (2000-2003) essentially represents a repeat of Phase One, in which more detailed standardised data are obtained to enable the time trends of symptom prevalence to be determined as well as the development of a more comprehensive 'world map'. The ISAAC Phase Three rationale and methods are described in this paper. With over 280 centres in 106 countries, we anticipate that ISAAC Phase Three will comprehensively determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergic disease worldwide, explore recent time trends in the prevalence of these symptoms and cast new light on the aetiology of asthma and allergic disease.
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            Do school-based asthma education programs improve self-management and health outcomes?

            Asthma self-management education is critical for high-quality asthma care for children. A number of studies have assessed the effectiveness of providing asthma education in schools to augment education provided by primary care providers. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on school-based asthma education programs. As our data sources, we used 3 databases that index peer-reviewed literature: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Inclusion criteria included publication in English and enrollment of children aged 4 to 17 years with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or symptoms consistent with asthma. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Synthesizing findings across studies was difficult because the characteristics of interventions and target populations varied widely, as did the outcomes assessed. In addition, some studies had major methodologic weaknesses. Most studies that compared asthma education to usual care found that school-based asthma education improved knowledge of asthma (7 of 10 studies), self-efficacy (6 of 8 studies), and self-management behaviors (7 of 8 studies). Fewer studies reported favorable effects on quality of life (4 of 8 studies), days of symptoms (5 of 11 studies), nights with symptoms (2 of 4 studies), and school absences (5 of 17 studies). Although findings regarding effects of school-based asthma education programs on quality of life, school absences, and days and nights with symptoms were not consistent, our analyses suggest that school-based asthma education improves knowledge of asthma, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors.
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              School-based asthma programs.

              Asthma is prevalent in school-age children and contributes to school absenteeism and limitation of activity. There is a sizable literature on school-based interventions for asthma that attempt to identify children with asthma and improve outcomes. The purpose of this review is to describe and discuss limitations of screening tools and school-based asthma interventions. Identification of children with asthma may be appropriate in schools located in districts with a high prevalence of children experiencing significant morbidity and a high prevalence of undiagnosed asthma, provided there is access to high-quality asthma care. We review strategies for improving access to care, for teaching self-management skills in schools, and for improving school personnel management skills. Although studies indicate that school-based programs have the potential to improve outcomes, competing priorities in the educational system present challenges to their implementation and emphasize the need for practical, targeted, and cost-effective strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                December 2020
                : 22
                : 88
                : 353-360
                Affiliations
                [3] Arroyo de la Encomienda. Valladolid orgnameCentro de Salud Pisuerga España
                [4] Arroyo de la Encomienda. Valladolid orgnameCentro de Salud Pisuerga España
                [2] Valladolid orgnameHospital Universitario Río Hortega orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría España
                [1] Arroyo de la Encomienda. Valladolid orgnameCentro de Salud Pisuerga España
                Article
                S1139-76322020000500006 S1139-7632(20)02208800006
                ba29cb6e-2458-424b-93fd-b7b3b0c81f0b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Spain

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                Asthma,Intervención educativa,Centro educativo,Asma,School centres,Educational advice

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