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      Intervenciones de enfermería promotoras de la vinculación con los recién nacidos hospitalizados - revisión scoping Translated title: Nursing interventions concerning the bonding of hospitalized newborns - scoping review Translated title: Intervenções de enfermagem promotoras da vinculação ao recém-nascido hospitalizado -revisão scoping

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Introducción El proceso de vinculación consiste en un vínculo emocional entre el recién nacido y los padres o cuidador. El apego del recién nacido a su cuidador es la base de todas las relaciones posteriores que desarrollará a lo largo de la vida. Objetivo Mapear las intervenciones de enfermería que promueven el vínculo afectivo en recién nacidos con necesidad de hospitalización. Método Esta revisión de alcance se realizó según el método del Instituto Joanna Briggs, siendo las principales fuentes de información las bases de datos: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL vía EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, en portugués e inglés, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados Se incluyeron 53 estudios en esta revisión. Las intervenciones de enfermería identificadas en la literatura se dividen en dos grupos: en la promoción de la interacción entre los padres y el recién nacido, es decir, la proximidad física, la promoción de la lactancia materna, la inclusión de los padres en el cuidado del recién nacido y en la interacción entre los padres y el equipo de enfermería, a través de la comunicación y el apoyo emocional. Conclusión El enfermero juega un papel fundamental en el resTablecimiento del proceso de vinculación entre el recién nacido hospitalizado y los padres, para que sean capaces de pasar de un rol en el que son meros espectadores a convertirse en los principales cuidadores del recién nacido, formados y vinculados.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Introduction The bonding process consists of an emotional bond between the newborn and the parents or caregiver. The newborn's attachment to his caregiver is the basis of all subsequent relationships that he will develop throughout life. Objective To map nursing interventions that promote bonding in newborns in need of hospitalization. Method This scoping review was carried out according to the method of the Joanna Briggs Institute, the main sources of information being the databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL via EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, in portuguese and english, without time limit. Results 53 studies were included in this review. The nursing interventions identified in the literature are divided into two groups: in promoting interaction between parents and the newborn, namely physical proximity, the promotion of breastfeeding, the inclusion of parents in the care of the newborn, and in interaction between parents and the nursing team, through communication and emotional support. Conclusion Nurses play a fundamental role in reestablishing the binding process between the hospitalized newborn and the parents, so that they are able to move from a role in which they are mere spectators to become the main caregivers of the newborn, trained and linked.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: Introdução: O processo de vinculação consiste numa ligação emocional entre o recém-nascido e os pais ou o cuidador. A vinculação do recém-nascido ao seu cuidador é a base de todas as relações posteriores que este desenvolverá ao longo da vida e em particular em contexto de internamento hospitalar Objetivo: Mapear na literatura as intervenções de enfermagem promotoras de vinculação em recém--nascidos em internamento hospitalar. Método: Revisão de literaturascoping nas normas do Joanna Briggs Institute, sendo as principais fontes de informação as bases de dados: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL via EBSCO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, em português e inglês. A seleção dos estudos e extração dos dados foram realizados por dois revisores independentes. Resultados Foram incluídos 53 estudos. As intervenções de enfermagem identificadas na literatura como promotoras da vinculação organizam-se em dois grupos: na promoção da interação entre os pais e o recém-nascido, a proximidade física ou presença, a promoção da amamentação, a inclusão dos pais nos cuidados ao recém-nascido, e na interação entre os pais e a equipa de enfermagem (através da comunicação e o apoio emocional). Conclusão: Os enfermeiros desempenham um papel fundamental para o restabelecimento do processo vinculativo entre o recém-nascido internado e os pais, seja na facilitação da relação pais-filho, seja enquanto interlocutores da relação. Esta scoping eleva intervenções de natureza relacional, que merecem ser testadas em relação à sua efetividade na vinculação.

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          The neural and hormonal bases of human parental care.

          As parents in modern western societies face increasing pressures that strain their ability to provide quality childcare, it is important to consider the neural and hormonal bases of sensitive and nurturing parenting. The topic has been explored systematically in non-human animals, and these studies have yielded a rich source of hypotheses for human studies. Considerable evidence links oxytocin (OT) with sensitive caregiving in both men and women, and with stimulatory infant contact in men and affectionate infant contact in women. Testosterone, on the other hand, decreases in men who become involved fathers, and testosterone may interfere with aspects of paternal care. In neuroimaging studies, exposing parents to child stimuli activates neural systems involved in understanding others' facial expressions (the putative mirror neuron system), others' feelings (anterior insula and thalamocingulate regions) and others' thoughts (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), as well as reward systems involved in approach-related motivation (ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, ventral striatum and medial orbitofrontal cortex), and systems involved with emotion regulation (lateral prefrontal cortex). There is some evidence that this activity can be attenuated in mothers who do not breastfeed, and mothers with post-partum depression, perhaps due in part to lower levels of OT exposure. On the other hand, there is evidence suggesting that high levels of oxytocin (OT) may enhance activation in some of these systems. For example, OT may stimulate dopamine release in the ventral striatum, rendering child stimuli more rewarding. A few recent studies have gone beyond merely describing neural correlates to establishing the functional significance of activation patterns by linking them with observed maternal behavior outside the scanner. The results of these studies suggest that there may be an optimal range of activation within certain neural systems, neither too high nor too low, that supports appropriate parenting. There is also mounting evidence that the very structure of the human brain is altered by the cognitive challenges inherent in learning how to parent. Given that human mothers typically receive help with childrearing, it will be important to begin studying the neural and hormonal bases of alloparental care, with a particular emphasis on fathers due to their increasing involvement in childcare in modern western societies. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Bonding in neonatal intensive care units: Experiences of extremely preterm infants’ mothers

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              The Impact of Premature Childbirth on Parental Bonding

              The development of an affectionate parent-infant bond is essential for a newborn infant's survival and development. However, from evolutionary theory it can be derived that parental bonding is not an automatic process, but dependent on infants' cues to reproductive potential and parents' access to resources. The purpose of the present study was to examine the process of bonding in a sample of Dutch mothers ( n = 200) and fathers ( n = 193) of full-term ( n = 69), moderately premature ( n = 68), and very premature infants ( n = 63). During the first month postpartum parents completed the Pictorial Representation of Attachment Measure (PRAM) and Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Longitudinal analyses revealed that mothers' PRAM scores decreased after moderately preterm delivery, whereas decreases in PRAM scores occurred in both parents after very preterm delivery. As lower PRAM scores represent stronger feelings of parent-infant connectedness, our findings suggest a higher degree of bonding after premature childbirth. Results of the PBQ analysis were in line with PRAM outcomes, as parents of preterm infants reported less bonding problems compared to parents of full-terms. These findings support the hypothesis that in affluent countries with adequate resources, bonding in parents of preterm infants on average may be higher than in parents of full-term infants.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2022
                : 21
                : 66
                : 594-637
                Affiliations
                [1] Lisboa orgnameUniversidad Católica Portuguesa orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Portugal deborajquerido@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1695-61412022000200594 S1695-6141(22)02106600594
                10.6018/eglobal.479291
                ba370860-986e-46cc-8562-dec7887c30ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 May 2021
                : 21 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 44
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                Parents,Newborn,Bonding,Enfermera,Internación,Padres,Hospitalization,Nurse,Vinculação,Recém-nascido,Pais,Internamento,Enfermeiro,Vinculación,Recién nacido

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