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      Control of the Singular Points Location for Miniature Switches with Magnetically Driven Contacts †

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          Abstract

          This paper presents and discusses usefulness and possibility of control of the singular points location of a driving magnetic field under as structure considerations as well as selection of energizing magnet systems for miniature electromagnetic switches. The sample results of theoretical analysis and experimental testing concern selected reed switches with normally open contacts as well as a developed miniature switch with a metallic ball contact. It must be noted that the switch with the contact performed by means of the metallic tiny ball can be effectively used both as a change-over switch as well as a detector of the energizing magnetic field distribution under designing and assembling of any electromagnetic contact device preferably with an increased degree of integration and miniaturization.

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          Recent advances in MEMS-based micro heat pipes

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            A Capacitance-To-Digital Converter for MEMS Sensors for Smart Applications

            The use of MEMS sensors has been increasing in recent years. To cover all the applications, many different readout circuits are needed. To reduce the cost and time to market, a generic capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC) seems to be the logical next step. This work presents a configurable CDC designed for capacitive MEMS sensors. The sensor is built with a bridge of MEMS, where some of them function with pressure. Then, the capacitive to digital conversion is realized using two steps. First, a switched-capacitor (SC) preamplifier is used to make the capacitive to voltage (C-V) conversion. Second, a self-oscillated noise-shaping integrating dual-slope (DS) converter is used to digitize this magnitude. The proposed converter uses time instead of amplitude resolution to generate a multibit digital output stream. In addition it performs noise shaping of the quantization error to reduce measurement time. This article shows the effectiveness of this method by measurements performed on a prototype, designed and fabricated using standard 0.13 µm CMOS technology. Experimental measurements show that the CDC achieves a resolution of 17 bits, with an effective area of 0.317 mm2, which means a pressure resolution of 1 Pa, while consuming 146 µA from a 1.5 V power supply.
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              Nonlinear Parameter Identification of a Resonant Electrostatic MEMS Actuator

              We experimentally investigate the primary superharmonic of order two and subharmonic of order one-half resonances of an electrostatic MEMS actuator under direct excitation. We identify the parameters of a one degree of freedom (1-DOF) generalized Duffing oscillator model representing it. The experiments were conducted in soft vacuum to reduce squeeze-film damping, and the actuator response was measured optically using a laser vibrometer. The predictions of the identified model were found to be in close agreement with the experimental results. We also identified the noise spectral density of process (actuation voltage) and measurement noise.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                26 January 2018
                February 2018
                : 18
                : 2
                : 350
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University (East Campus), 100083 Beijing, China
                [2 ]Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; marcin.habrych@ 123456pwr.edu.pl
                [3 ]Institute of Innovative Technologies EMAG, Leopolda 31, 40-189 Katowice, Poland; bogdan.miedzinski@ 123456pwr.edu.pl (B.M.); julianwosik@ 123456wp.pl (J.W.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: wangxin117@ 123456cau.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-10-62736591
                [†]

                This paper is an expanded version of our paper published in Miedzinski, B.; Wosik, J.; Habrych, M.; Shoffa, V.N.; Cicerjukin, V.N. Miniature DC switch with ball contact controlled by the singular points location of the energizing magnetic field. In Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ISEF) Book of Abstracts, Lodz, Poland, 14–16 September 2017, doi:10.1109/ISEF.2017.8090779.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-0135
                Article
                sensors-18-00350
                10.3390/s18020350
                5856099
                29373485
                ba4a9cef-fbcd-4edb-9e97-b430aaf0e373
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 26 December 2017
                : 21 January 2018
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                miniature reed switch,mems actuator,magnetically driven contact,singular point location,dc magnetic field

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