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      Abandono escolar en medicina: análisis de tres promociones Translated title: School dropout in Medicine: analysis of three generations

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          Abstract

          Introducción. El abandono escolar representa desde hace años uno de los grandes problemas a los que se enfrenta la educación en México, principalmente a nivel superior y en licenciaturas de alta exigencia académica como es el caso de medicina. Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de tres promociones de la licenciatura de médico cirujano de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México con el fin de comparar el abandono escolar según sexo y promoción. Resultados. Se observó que el primer año de la licenciatura de médico cirujano es donde se presenta un mayor porcentaje de abandono escolar (77%), con un predominio de población femenina y abandono definitivo. Conclusión. Se estudió el comportamiento estudiantil de la licenciatura de Médico Cirujano para replantear métodos y estrategias institucionales en términos de abandono escolar.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. For years, school dropout has represented one of the greatest problems that education in Mexico faces, mainly at the higher level and in highly demanding academic degrees such as Medicine. Subjects and methods. We carried out a quantitative analysis of three generations enrolled in Medicine Bachelor of the UNAM's School of Medicine in order to compare school dropouts by sex and generation. Results. It was observed that the Medicine Bachelor's first year is where the highest percentage of school dropouts (77%) occurs, with a predominance of female population and definitive dropout. Conclusion. Medicine Bachelor's student behavior was studied to rethink institutional methods and strategies focused on scholar dropout.

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          Medical School Attrition-Beyond the Statistics A Ten Year Retrospective Study

          Background Medical school attrition is important - securing a place in medical school is difficult and a high attrition rate can affect the academic reputation of a medical school and staff morale. More important, however, are the personal consequences of dropout for the student. The aims of our study were to examine factors associated with attrition over a ten-year period (2001–2011) and to study the personal effects of dropout on individual students. Methods The study included quantitative analysis of completed cohorts and qualitative analysis of ten-year data. Data were collected from individual student files, examination and admission records, exit interviews and staff interviews. Statistical analysis was carried out on five successive completed cohorts. Qualitative data from student files was transcribed and independently analysed by three authors. Data was coded and categorized and key themes were identified. Results Overall attrition rate was 5.7% (45/779) in 6 completed cohorts when students who transferred to other medical courses were excluded. Students from Kuwait and United Arab Emirates had the highest dropout rate (RR = 5.70, 95% Confidence Intervals 2.65 to 12.27;p < 0.0001) compared to Irish and EU students combined. North American students had a higher dropout rate than Irish and EU students; RR = 2.68 (1.09 to 6.58;p = 0.027) but this was not significant when transfers were excluded (RR = 1.32(0.38, 4.62);p = 0.75). Male students were more likely to dropout than females (RR 1.70, .93 to 3.11) but this was not significant (p = 0.079). Absenteeism was documented in 30% of students, academic difficulty in 55.7%, social isolation in 20%, and psychological morbidity in 40% (higher than other studies). Qualitative analysis revealed recurrent themes of isolation, failure, and despair. Student Welfare services were only accessed by one-third of dropout students. Conclusions While dropout is often multifactorial, certain red flag signals may alert us to risk of dropout including non-EU origin, academic struggling, absenteeism, social isolation, depression and leave of absence. Psychological morbidity amongst dropout students is high and Student Welfare services should be actively promoted. Absenteeism should prompt early intervention. Behind every dropout statistic lies a personal story. All medical schools have a duty of care to support students who leave the medical programme.
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            Ansiedad y fuentes de estrés académico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud

            Resumen Introducción: Diversos estudios han encontrado altos niveles de ansiedad en estudiantes de carreras de la salud, principalmente, en estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de ansiedad e identificar las fuentes generadoras de estrés académico existente entre los estudiantes de 2.o año de Enfermería y Tecnología Médica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Método: Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para evaluar el nivel de ansiedad y el Inventario de Estrés Académico para discriminar diferentes situaciones académicas que provocan un mayor nivel de estrés en estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: Los estudiantes de Enfermería mostraron mayores niveles de ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo que los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica. Solo para ansiedad estado se observó una frecuencia significativamente diferente, encontrándose las diferencias en los grupos que manifiestan un nivel de ansiedad leve (Enfermería 32.1% y Tecnología Médica 56.6%) y ansiedad severa (Enfermería 20.5% y Tecnología Médica 9.2%). Aunque las situaciones generadoras de estrés fueron similares para ambos grupos, varias de ellas fueron percibidas como estresores significativamente mayores por los estudiantes de Enfermería. Las tres principales fuentes de estrés resultaron ser: sobrecarga académica, falta de tiempo para cumplir con las actividades académicas y realización de un examen. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Enfermería presentan altos índices de ansiedad. Resulta necesario analizar la planificación curricular de estos cursos, así como implementar consejerías y talleres para enseñar a los estudiantes a afrontar las situaciones estresantes.
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              Permanencia en la universidad: la importancia de un buen comienzo

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fem
                FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica
                FEM (Ed. impresa)
                Fundación Educación Médica y Viguera Editores, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                2014-9832
                2014-9840
                2020
                : 23
                : 6
                : 331-333
                Affiliations
                [1] México DF orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Mexico
                Article
                S2014-98322020000700007 S2014-9832(20)02300600007
                ba701d59-5cb2-41cd-a7f8-8fc42e4383f2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 June 2020
                : 31 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 3
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                SciELO Spain

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                School dropout,Medicine,Medicina,Students,Higher education,Educación superior,Promoción escolar,Mujeres,School generation,Abandono escolar,Estudiantes,Women

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