5
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Recent advances in metal nanoparticles in cancer therapy

      1 , 1 , 1
      Journal of Drug Targeting
      Informa UK Limited

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Metal nanoparticles (NPs) may have the potential to overcome problems related to conventional chemotherapy. Metal NPs reported to play a beneficial and powerful role in cancer therapy providing better targeting, gene silencing and drug delivery. Functionalised metal NPs with targeting ligands offer a better control of energy deposition in the tumours. Apart from therapeutic benefits, metal NPs are also used as a diagnostic tool for the imaging of cancer cells. Metal NP-based therapeutic systems not only provide simultaneous diagnostic and therapy but also allow controlled and targeted drug release which helps to revolutionise cancer treatment and management. This review addresses the advancement of metal NPs in tumour therapy with a focus on those being explained into clinical settings.

          Related collections

          Most cited references166

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans.

          Experimental introduction of RNA into cells can be used in certain biological systems to interfere with the function of an endogenous gene. Such effects have been proposed to result from a simple antisense mechanism that depends on hybridization between the injected RNA and endogenous messenger RNA transcripts. RNA interference has been used in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to manipulate gene expression. Here we investigate the requirements for structure and delivery of the interfering RNA. To our surprise, we found that double-stranded RNA was substantially more effective at producing interference than was either strand individually. After injection into adult animals, purified single strands had at most a modest effect, whereas double-stranded mixtures caused potent and specific interference. The effects of this interference were evident in both the injected animals and their progeny. Only a few molecules of injected double-stranded RNA were required per affected cell, arguing against stochiometric interference with endogenous mRNA and suggesting that there could be a catalytic or amplification component in the interference process.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy.

            Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the approved formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic. We detail the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and emphasize the challenges in cancer treatment.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Knocking down barriers: advances in siRNA delivery

              Key Points RNA interference (RNAi) is a fundamental pathway in eukaryotic cells by which sequence-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) is able to silence genes through the destruction of complementary mRNA. RNAi is an important therapeutic tool that can be used to silence aberrant endogenous genes or to knockdown genes essential to the proliferation of infectious organisms. Delivery remains the central challenge to the therapeutic application of RNAi technology. Before siRNA can take effect in the cytoplasm of a target cell, it must be transported through the body to the target site without undergoing clearance or degradation. Currently, the most effective synthetic, non-viral delivery agents of siRNA are lipids, lipid-like materials and polymers. Various cationic agents including stable nucleic acid–lipid particles, lipidoids, cyclodextrin polymers and polyethyleneimine polymers have been used to achieve the successful systemic delivery of siRNA in mammals without inducing significant toxicity. Direct conjugation of delivery agents to siRNA can facilitate delivery. For example, cholesterol-modified siRNA enables targeting to the liver. RNAi therapeutics have progressed to the clinic, where studies are being conducted to determine siRNA efficacy in treating several diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and respiratory syncytial virus. Moving forward, it will be important to pay close attention to the potential nonspecific immunostimulatory effects of siRNA. Modifications to siRNA can be used to minimize stimulation of the immune system, and an increased emphasis must be placed on performing proper controls to ensure that therapeutic effects are sequence-specific.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Drug Targeting
                Journal of Drug Targeting
                Informa UK Limited
                1061-186X
                1029-2330
                November 23 2017
                September 14 2018
                November 15 2017
                September 14 2018
                : 26
                : 8
                : 617-632
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
                Article
                10.1080/1061186X.2017.1400553
                29095640
                ba84952f-642b-4e53-92fd-f9e0af6c7696
                © 2018
                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article