24
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Relação entre anosognosia e disfunção executiva: um estudo de caso pós-traumatismo cranioencefálico Translated title: Relación entre anosognosia y disfunción ejecutiva: un estudio de caso pos-traumatismo craneoencefálico Translated title: Relation entre l'anosognosie et la syndrome dysexécutif: une étude de cas de traumatisme cranioencephalique Translated title: Relationship between anosognosia and executive dysfunction: a post-traumatic brain injury case study

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Pacientes após traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) podem apresentar diferentes prejuízos cognitivos. Além disso, o quadro de anosognosia, que se caracteriza por dificuldades na autoconsciência de dificuldades cognitivas é também prevalente. As funções executivas são apontadas como principais mediadoras dos processos metacognitivos necessários para a consciência do funcionamento cognitivo. A relação entre subcomponentes executivos e esse quadro, no entanto, ainda não é bem conhecida. A partir disso, o presente artigo visa a apresenta um caso de um paciente adulto que sofreu um TCE grave (lesão com componentes frontais) e verificar as associações e dissociações existentes entre a autoconsciência (anosognosia) e os componentes executivos (disfunção executiva). Para avaliação neuropsicológica foi utilizada a versão brasileira da Patient Competency Rating Scale (versões paciente e familiar) e uma bateria de instrumentos com ênfase nas funções executivas e memórias prospectiva, de trabalho e episódica. Os resultados da avaliação do desempenho do paciente sugerem associação entre as dificuldades de autoconsciência de déficits, especialmente quanto a componentes executivos e parcialmente quanto ao desempenho mnemônico. Os componentes executivos com prejuízos foram planejamento, inibição, flexibilidade cognitiva e velocidade de processamento. Verificou-se também déficit mnemônico nos três subsistemas avaliados. Parece que não apenas o automonitoramento e a metacognição podem estar subjacentes à percepção sobre o próprio desempenho no cotidiano, podendo outros componentes executivos estar relacionados à ocorrência de anosognosia.

          Translated abstract

          Pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) pueden presentar diversas alteraciones cognitivas. Otro cuadro frecuente en estos pacientes es la anosognosia, que se caracteriza por dificultades en la autoconciencia de los déficits cognitivos. Las funciones ejecutivas son consideradas como principales mediadoras de los procesos metacognitivos necesarios para la conciencia del funcionamiento cognitivo. Sin embargo, la relación entre este cuadro y los subcomponentes ejecutivos no está bien definida aún. A partir de esto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el caso de un paciente adulto que sufrió un TCE severo (lesión de los componentes frontales) y verificar las asociaciones y disociaciones existentes entre la autoconciencia (anosognosia) y los componentes ejecutivos (disfunción ejecutiva). Para la evaluación neuropsicológica se utilizó una versión brasileña del Patient Competency Rating Scale (versión para pacientes y familiares) y una batería de instrumentos que valoran las funciones ejecutivas y la memoria prospectiva, de trabajo y episódica. Los resultados de la evaluación sugieren una asociación entre los transtornos de autoconciencia de los déficits y los componentes ejecutivos, y en menor parte con el desempeño mnésico. Los componentes ejecutivos alterados fueron la planificación, la inhibición, la flexibilidad cognitiva y la velocidad de procesamiento. Se verificó un déficit mnésico a nivel de los tres sistemas de memoria evaluados. Un hallazgo importante es que no sólo el automonitoreo y la metacognición podrían subyacer a la percepción sobre el propio desempeño en lo cotidiano; los componentes ejecutivos podrían también estar relacionados con la ocurrencia de anosognosia.

          Translated abstract

          Patients après un traumatisme cranioencephalique (TCE) peuvent avoir différentes déficiences cognitives. En outre, l'anosognosie, qui se caractérise par des difficultés cognitives de percevoir ses propre deficits, est prevalent. Les fonctions exécutives sont identifiées comme des médiateurs clés des processus métacognitifs nécessaires à la sensibilisation du fonctionnement cognitif. La relation entre cette condition et les composants exécutifs, cependant, n'est pas encore bien connue. De cela, le présent article vise à présenter un cas d'un patient adulte avec un sévère TCE et vérifier les associations et les dissociations entre la conscience de soi (anosognosie) et la syndrome dysexécutif. Pour l'évaluation neuropsychologique a été utilisé la version brésilienne de l'échelle d'évaluation des compétences des patients (versions patient et proche) et une batterie d'instruments pour évaluer des fonctions exécutives et la mémoire prospective, de travail et épisodique. Les résultats de l'évaluation de la performance du patient ont suggéré une association entre les difficultés de la prise de conscience des déficits, en particulier avec des fonctions exécutives et en partie pour la performance mnémonique. Troubles avec les composants exécutifs planificación, inibición, flexibilité cognitive et vitesse de traitement ont été observés. Il y a également déficit mnémonique dans les trois sous-systèmes évalués. Il semble que non seulement l'auto-surveillance et la métacognition pourrait expliquer la perception de leur propre performance dans la vie quotidienne. Donc, des autres composantes exécutives peuvent être reliées à l'apparition de l'anosognosie.

          Translated abstract

          Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients can present different cognitive impairments. In addition, anosognosia, a cognitive self-awareness deficit, is also prevalent. Executive functions are known as mediators of metacognitive processes necessary to cognitive self-awareness abilities. However, the relationship between executive dysfunction and anosgonosia has not yet been suficiently established. Therefore, this study aims to present a case of a severe TBI adult patient (with frontal damage) and to verify associations or dissociations between self-awareness and executive components. For neuropsychological assessment, the Patient Competency Rating Scale (patient and relative versions) and a battery of memory and executive functions tests. Results indicate association between impairments of self-awareness and executive functions, and partially with memory components. Executive components of planning, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and processing speed; and episodic, prospective and working memory were impaired. Findings indicate that not only self-monitoring and metacognition can be underlying the self-awareness of performance in daily living; other executive components can be also related to anosognosia occurance.

          Related collections

          Most cited references66

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review.

          Currently, there is debate among scholars regarding how to operationalize and measure executive functions. These functions generally are referred to as "supervisory" cognitive processes because they involve higher level organization and execution of complex thoughts and behavior. Although conceptualizations vary regarding what mental processes actually constitute the "executive function" construct, there has been a historical linkage of these "higher-level" processes with the frontal lobes. In fact, many investigators have used the term "frontal functions" synonymously with "executive functions" despite evidence that contradicts this synonymous usage. The current review provides a critical analysis of lesion and neuroimaging studies using three popular executive function measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Phonemic Verbal Fluency, and Stroop Color Word Interference Test) in order to examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes. Empirical lesion data are examined via meta-analysis procedures along with formula derivatives. Results reveal mixed evidence that does not support a one-to-one relationship between executive functions and frontal lobe activity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of construing the validity of these neuropsychological tests in anatomical, rather than cognitive and behavioral, terms.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects.

            H Nelson (1976)
            Milner's (1963) report of impaired performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a group of patients with frontal lobe lesions suggested that this test might be a useful one in the investigation of individual patients with suspected brain lesions. However, for many of our older hospital population the WCST was found to be too difficult and distressing, and also the inherent ambiguities associated with certain responses limited the test's usefulness for research purposes. Therefore, a simpler and less ambiguous modification was devised (MCS) and a new method of measuring perseverative errors proposed. In a group of 53 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions, those with frontal lobe lesions performed less well with the MCST and made a higher proportion of perseverative errors than those with lesions elsewhere: there were no laterality effects in either frontal or non-frontal groups. The usefulness of the MCST for detecting frontal lobe lesions in individual patients was established, and the use of cut-off scores briefly discussed.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: a self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency.

              Verbal fluency tasks have been widely used to evaluate language and executive control processes in the human brain. FMRI studies of verbal fluency, however, have used either silent word generation (which provides no behavioral measure) or cued generation of single words in order to contend with speech-related motion artifacts. In this study, we use a recently developed paradigm design to investigate the neural correlates of verbal fluency during overt, free recall, word generation so that performance and brain activity could be evaluated under conditions that more closely mirror standard behavioral test demands. We investigated verbal fluency to both letter and category cues in order to evaluate differential involvement of specific frontal and temporal lobe sites as a function of retrieval cue type, as suggested by previous neuropsychological and neuroimaging investigations. In addition, we incorporated both a task switching manipulation and an automatic speech condition in order to modulate the demand placed on executive functions. We found greater activation in the left hemisphere during category and letter fluency tasks, and greater right hemisphere activation during automatic speech. We also found that letter and category fluency tasks were associated with differential involvement of specific regions of the frontal and temporal lobes. These findings provide converging evidence that letter and category fluency performance is dependent on partially distinct neural circuitry. They also provide strong evidence that verbal fluency can be successfully evaluated in the MR environment using overt, self-paced, responses.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rnl
                Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana
                Neuropsicologia Latinoamericana
                Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neuropsicologia (Calle, , Colombia )
                2075-9479
                2012
                : 4
                : 3
                : 53-62
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
                [02] orgnameHospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre Brasil
                [03] orgnameHospital Municipal de Novo Hamburgo Brasil
                Article
                S2075-94792012000300005
                bab59f1a-4949-4508-8a4b-119d7b495b46

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 18 August 2012
                : 31 August 2012
                : 31 August 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 75, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia


                Traumatismo craneoencefálico,Funciones ejecutivas,Anosognosia,Estudio de caso,Traumatismo cranioencefálico,Funções executivas,Estudo de caso,Traumatisme cranioencephalique,Fonctions éxecutifs,Anosognosie,Étude de cas,Traumatic brain injury,Executive functions,Case study

                Comments

                Comment on this article