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      Gender roles and women's mental health: their influence on the demand for psychological care Translated title: Roles de género y salud mental en las mujeres: su influencia en la demanda de atención psicológica

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          Abstract

          Abstract The prevalence of certain diagnoses, such as eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder, is higher among women than among men. When it comes to women's mental health, focusing on social aspects influencing the way women fall ill becomes crucial. Using a sample of 368 women, we studied the classification ability of a number of clinical variables and sociocultural factors (conformity to gender norms) in order to ascertain whether or not women were receiving psychological care and determine the importance of each of the variables when predicting which women were receiving therapy. Our results showed that women were more likely to be receiving psychological treatment when scoring high on certain clinical variables (such as Suicidal Ideation and Borderline Features) and on a number of variables related to conforming to gender norms (Care for Children, Nice in Relationships, and Sexual Fidelity). Therefore, we believe that integrating the gender perspective into educational, health-related, and psychological care programmes is essential so that gender roles can become more diverse and less constricting of people's potential, resulting in improved health.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La prevalencia de determinados diagnósticos -trastorno de la conducta alimentaria, depresión, ansiedad y trastorno límite- es superior en mujeres que en hombres. Considerando la salud mental en mujeres, resulta imprescindible poner el foco en los aspectos sociales que influyen en la forma de enfermar. Se estudia en una muestra de 368 mujeres la capacidad de clasificación de algunas variables clínicas y factores socioculturales (conformidad con las normas de género) para determinar si una mujer está recibiendo asistencia psicológica o no, así como la importancia de cada una de esas variables a la hora de pronosticar qué mujeres estarían recibiendo terapia. Los resultados mostraron que cuando las mujeres puntúan alto en algunas variables clínicas (como Ideaciones Suicidas y Rasgos Límites) y en algunas relacionadas con conformidad con las normas de género (Cuidadora de Niños/as, Agradable en las relaciones y la Fidelidad Sexual) era más probable que estén recibiendo tratamiento psicológico. Por lo tanto, se considera que la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en programas de educativos, de salud y atención psicológica es fundamental para que los roles de género puedan ser más diversos y constriñan menos las potencialidades de las personas, lo que influirá en que tengan una mejor salud.

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          Random Forests

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            Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms.

            In 2 meta-analyses on gender differences in depression in nationally representative samples, we advance previous work by including studies of depression diagnoses and symptoms to (a) estimate the magnitude of the gender difference in depression across a wide array of nations and ages; (b) use a developmental perspective to elucidate patterns of gender differences across the life span; and (c) incorporate additional theory-driven moderators (e.g., gender equity). For major depression diagnoses and depression symptoms, respectively, we meta-analyzed data from 65 and 95 articles and their corresponding national data sets, representing data from 1,716,195 and 1,922,064 people in over 90 different nations. Overall, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.88, 2.03], and d = 0.27 [0.26, 0.29]. Age was the strongest predictor of effect size. The gender difference for diagnoses emerged earlier than previously thought, with OR = 2.37 at age 12. For both meta-analyses, the gender difference peaked in adolescence (OR = 3.02 for ages 13-15, and d = 0.47 for age 16) but then declined and remained stable in adulthood. Cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms. The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked. (PsycINFO Database Record
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              The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model.

              G L Engel (1980)
              How physicians approach patients and the problems they present is much influenced by the conceptual models around which their knowledge is organized. In this paper the implications of the biopsychosocial model for the study and care of a patient with an acute myocardial infarction are presented and contrasted with approaches used by adherents of the more traditional biomedical model. A medical rather than psychiatric patient was selected to emphasize the unity of medicine and to help define the place of psychiatrists in the education of physicians of the future.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                April 2022
                : 38
                : 1
                : 7-16
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Psicoterapia Relacional Spain
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Complutense de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282022000100002 S0212-9728(22)03800100002
                10.6018/analesps.450331
                baef2a52-f709-4f8d-9da5-1662150b0e7b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2020
                : 11 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 77, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Clinical and Health Psychology

                Trastornos psicológicos en mujeres,Gender role conformity,Psychological disorders in women,Eating disorders,Depression,Anxiety,Borderline personality disorder,Conformidad con los roles de género,Trastornos conducta alimentaria,Depresión,Ansiedad,Trastorno límite de la personalidad

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