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      The Generation and Subtraction of Sensory Expectations within Cerebellum-Like Structures

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          Abstract

          The generation of expectations about sensory input and the subtraction of such expectations from actual input appear to be important features of sensory processing. This paper describes the generation of sensory expectations within cerebellum-like structures of four distinct groups of fishes: Mormyridae; Rajidae; Scorpaenidae; and Apteronotidae. These structures consist of a sheet-like array of principal cells. Apical dendrites of the principal cells extend out into a molecular layer where they are contacted by parallel fibers. The basilar regions of the arrays receive primary afferent input from octavolateral endorgans, i.e., elec-troreceptors, mechanical lateral line neuromasts, or eighth nerve endorgans. The parallel fibers in the molecular layer convey various types of information, including corollary discharge signals associated with motor commands, sensory information from other modalities such as proprioception, and descending input from higher stages of the sensory modality that is processed by the structure. Associations between the signals conveyed by the parallel fibers and particular patterns of sensory input to the basal layers lead to the generation of a negative image of expected sensory input within the principal cell array. Addition of this negative image to actual sensory input results in the subtraction of expected from actual input, allowing the unexpected or novel input to stand out more clearly. Intracellular recording indicates that the negative image is probably generated by means of anti-Hebbian synaptic plasticity at the parallel fiber to principal cell synapse. The results are remarkably similar in the different fishes and may generalize to cerebellum-like structures in other sensory systems and taxa.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          BBE
          Brain Behav Evol
          10.1159/issn.0006-8977
          Brain, Behavior and Evolution
          S. Karger AG
          978-3-8055-6533-2
          978-3-8055-8689-4
          0006-8977
          1421-9743
          1997
          1997
          09 January 2008
          : 50
          : Suppl 1
          : 17-31
          Affiliations
          a R.S. Dow Neurological Sciences Institute, Portland, Oreg., and b Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., USA; c Department of Zoology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; d Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla., USA
          Article
          113352 Brain Behav Evol 1997;50:17–31
          10.1159/000113352
          9217991
          bb03d789-9d24-4824-8512-4d391e889e2b
          © 1997 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          Page count
          Pages: 15
          Categories
          Contributions to Neuroethology

          Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
          Plasticity,Expectation,Cerebellum,Octavolateral,Fish,Teleosts,Elasmobranchs,Long-term depression

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