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Extreme air pollution events from bushfires and dust storms and their association with mortality in Sydney, Australia 1994–2007
Author(s):
Fay Johnston
,
Ivan Hanigan
,
Sarah Henderson
,
Geoffrey Morgan
,
David Bowman
Publication date
Created:
August 2011
Publication date
(Print):
August 2011
Journal:
Environmental Research
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
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Abstract
Extreme air pollution events due to bushfire smoke and dust storms are expected to increase as a consequence of climate change, yet little has been published about their population health impacts. We examined the association between air pollution events and mortality in Sydney from 1997 to 2004. Events were defined as days for which the 24h city-wide concentration of PM(10) exceeded the 99th percentile. All events were researched and categorised as being caused by either smoke or dust. We used a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression modelling adjusted for influenza epidemics, same day and lagged temperature and humidity. Reported odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals are for mortality on event days compared with non-event days. The contribution of elevated average temperatures to mortality during smoke events was explored. There were 52 event days, 48 attributable to bushfire smoke, six to dust and two affected by both. Smoke events were associated with a 5% increase in non-accidental mortality at a lag of 1 day OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) 1.05 (95%CI: 1.00-1.10). When same day temperature was removed from the model, additional same day associations were observed with non-accidental mortality OR 1.05 (95%CI: 1.00-1.09), and with cardiovascular mortality OR (95%CI) 1.10 (95%CI: 1.00-1.20). Dust events were associated with a 15% increase in non-accidental mortality at a lag of 3 days, OR (95%CI) 1.16 (95%CI: 1.03-1.30). The magnitude and temporal patterns of association with mortality were different for smoke and dust events. Public health advisories during bushfire smoke pollution episodes should include advice about hot weather in addition to air pollution. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Annual Reviews Climate Change and Extreme Events
Author and article information
Journal
Title:
Environmental Research
Abbreviated Title:
Environmental Research
Publisher:
Elsevier BV
ISSN (Print):
00139351
Publication date Created:
August 2011
Publication date (Print):
August 2011
Volume
: 111
Issue
: 6
Pages
: 811-816
Article
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.007
PubMed ID:
21601845
SO-VID:
bb176a6c-4ec8-4f12-83f6-220e3ef10cd9
Copyright ©
© 2011
License:
https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/
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