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      Sexuality and Mental Health: The Need for Mutual Development and Research

      editorial
      Journal of Clinical Medicine
      MDPI
      sexuality, mental health, research, sexual dysfunction

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          Abstract

          Research in the field of sexuality has shown growing scientific development in recent years, although there’s a lack of well-trained professionals who could contribute to increasing its benefits. Sexuality continues to be a taboo with different interpretations and difficult delimitation of either normal or pathological behavior. More resources are needed for the understanding of new emerging pathologies, and to increase the research in new models of sexual behavior. All psychiatric diseases include symptoms affecting sexual life, such as impaired desire, arousal, or sexual satisfaction that need to be properly addressed. Health providers and prescribers must detect and prevent iatrogenic sexual dysfunction that can highly deteriorate a patient’s sexual life and satisfaction, leading to frequent drop-outs of medication. Approaching and researching aspects of sexual intimacy, life desires, frustrations, and fears undoubtedly constitutes the best mental health care.

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          Most cited references9

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          Online Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don’t—A Systematic Review

          In the last few years, there has been a wave of articles related to behavioral addictions; some of them have a focus on online pornography addiction. However, despite all efforts, we are still unable to profile when engaging in this behavior becomes pathological. Common problems include: sample bias, the search for diagnostic instrumentals, opposing approximations to the matter, and the fact that this entity may be encompassed inside a greater pathology (i.e., sex addiction) that may present itself with very diverse symptomatology. Behavioral addictions form a largely unexplored field of study, and usually exhibit a problematic consumption model: loss of control, impairment, and risky use. Hypersexual disorder fits this model and may be composed of several sexual behaviors, like problematic use of online pornography (POPU). Online pornography use is on the rise, with a potential for addiction considering the “triple A” influence (accessibility, affordability, anonymity). This problematic use might have adverse effects in sexual development and sexual functioning, especially among the young population. We aim to gather existing knowledge on problematic online pornography use as a pathological entity. Here we try to summarize what we know about this entity and outline some areas worthy of further research.
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            The impact of severe mental disorders and psychotropic medications on sexual health and its implications for clinical management.

            Sexual dysfunction often accompanies severe psychiatric illness and can be due to both the mental disorder itself and the use of psychotropic treatments. Many sexual symptoms resolve as the mental state improves, but treatment-related sexual adverse events tend to persist over time, and are unfortunately under-recognized by clinicians and scarcely investigated in clinical trials. Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction adversely affects quality of life and may contribute to reduce treatment adherence. There are important differences between the various compounds in the incidence of adverse sexual effects, associated with differences in mechanisms of action. Antidepressants with a predominantly serotonergic activity, antipsychotics likely to induce hyperprolactinaemia, and mood stabilizers with hormonal effects are often linked to moderate or severe sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido, delayed orgasm, anorgasmia, and sexual arousal difficulties. Severe mental disorders can interfere with sexual function and satisfaction, while patients wish to preserve a previously satisfactory sexual activity. In many patients, a lack of intimate relationships and chronic deterioration in mental and physical health can be accompanied by either a poor sexual life or a more frequent risky sexual behaviour than in the general population. Here we describe the influence of psychosis and antipsychotic medications, of depression and antidepressant drugs, and of bipolar disorder and mood stabilizers on sexual health, and the optimal management of patients with severe psychiatric illness and sexual dysfunction.
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              Female Sexual Dysfunction

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Clin Med
                J Clin Med
                jcm
                Journal of Clinical Medicine
                MDPI
                2077-0383
                26 October 2019
                November 2019
                : 8
                : 11
                : 1794
                Affiliations
                University of Salamanca, Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Nursing and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Avenue of Donantes de Sangre SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; amontejo@ 123456usal.es ; Tel.: +34-639754620
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-1333
                Article
                jcm-08-01794
                10.3390/jcm8111794
                6912629
                31717765
                bb664074-7b4a-4f78-a0dd-7532e028d0e5
                © 2019 by the author.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 October 2019
                : 22 October 2019
                Categories
                Editorial

                sexuality,mental health,research,sexual dysfunction
                sexuality, mental health, research, sexual dysfunction

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