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      Gender gap in journal submissions and peer review during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A study on 2329 Elsevier journals

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          Abstract

          During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an unusually high submission rate of scholarly articles. Given that most academics were forced to work from home, the competing demands for familial duties may have penalized the scientific productivity of women. To test this hypothesis, we looked at submitted manuscripts and peer review activities for all Elsevier journals between February and May 2018-2020, including data on over 5 million authors and referees. Results showed that during the first wave of the pandemic, women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts than men. This deficit was especially pronounced among more junior cohorts of women academics. The rate of the peer-review invitation acceptance showed a less pronounced gender pattern with women taking on a greater service responsibility for journals, except for health & medicine, the field where the impact of COVID-19 research has been more prominent. Our findings suggest that the first wave of the pandemic has created potentially cumulative advantages for men.

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              COVID‐19 and the Gender Gap in Work Hours

              School and daycare closures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have increased caregiving responsibilities for working parents. As a result, many have changed their work hours to meet these growing demands. In this study, we use panel data from the U.S. Current Population Survey to examine changes in mothers’ and fathers’ work hours from February through April, 2020, the period of time prior to the widespread COVID‐19 outbreak in the U.S. and through its first peak. Using person‐level fixed effects models, we find that mothers with young children have reduced their work hours four to five times more than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in work hours has grown by 20 to 50 percent. These findings indicate yet another negative consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the challenges it poses to women's work hours and employment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2021
                20 October 2021
                : 16
                : 10
                : e0257919
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
                [2 ] Centre for Data Intensive Sciences and Applications, Växjö, Sweden
                [3 ] Department of Social Studies, Växjö, Sweden
                [4 ] Department of Computer Science, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
                [5 ] European Studies, Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
                [6 ] STM Journals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                University of Siena, Italy, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: BM is employee of Elsevier and organised the data sharing process.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-6077
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-0137
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-7170
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4038-4531
                Article
                PONE-D-21-15330
                10.1371/journal.pone.0257919
                8528305
                34669713
                bba2da31-d9d5-4bcb-ac5b-644f497e6338
                © 2021 Squazzoni et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 9 May 2021
                : 13 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 6, Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to the Department of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Milan and a Transition Grant from the University of Milan
                Award ID: PSR2015-17
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
                Award ID: TI2018-095820-B-I00
                Award Recipient :
                FS is supported by a “Department of Excellence” grant from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research to the Department of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Milan and a Transition Grant from the University of Milan (PSR2015-17). FG and DG are partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under project RTI2018-095820-B-I00. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Pandemics
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Covid 19
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Assessment
                Peer Review
                Physical Sciences
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Health Economics
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Health Care
                Health Economics
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Scientific Publishing
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health
                Custom metadata
                Data for findings replication are available at this link: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/S0T7Z5.

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                Uncategorized

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