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      Call for Papers: Epidemiology of CKD and its Complications

      Submit here by August 31, 2024

      About Kidney and Blood Pressure Research: 2.3 Impact Factor I 4.8 CiteScore I 0.674 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Role of Vitamin E-Coated Membrane in Reducing Advanced Glycation End Products in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are markers of oxidative stress. Aims: To assess if a vitamin-E-coated dialyzer affects plasma AGE levels and endothelial function in hemodialysis patients. Methods: 16 patients were dialyzed with a synthetic modified cellulose membrane (SMC, n = 8) or a vitamin E-coated dialyzer (n = 8), respectively. At week 32 endothelial function was determined as brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Total AGEs, free pentosidine (FP), protein-bound pentosidine (BP) and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (ox-LDL-autoantibodies) were assessed at baseline (T0) and at 16, 32, 40 and 42 weeks (T16, T32, T40 and T42). Results: At T16 and T32 FP and BP were lower in vitamin E than in SMC (T 16: 88.7 ± 8.96 vs. 124.2 ± 11.90 pmol/ml plasma; p = 0.04, and 22.9 ± 2.99 vs. 32.8 ± 2.98 pmol/mg proteins; p = 0.04. T32: 78.7 ± 8.54 vs. 123.7 ± 10.15 pmol/ml plasma; p = 0.007, and 19.9 ± 2.0 vs. 33.67 ± 2.41 pmol/mg proteins; p = 0.001). In vitamin E, AGEs were lower at T32, T40 and T42 (946.7 ± 80.91 vs. 1,351.2 ± 179.33 AU/ml, p = 0.05; 986.9 ± 59.63 vs. 1,509.9 ± 154.17 AU/ml, p = 0.013; 890.3 ± 73.70 vs. 1,453.9 ± 153.16 AU/ml, p = 0.009). At T32 AGEs, ox-LDL autoantibodies and FMD were inversely correlated (R = –0.70 p = 0.007 and R = –0.59, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Vit E-coated membrane reduces plasma AGEs levels and AGEs values are negatively correlated with FMD.

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          Advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide and mediate defective endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in experimental diabetes.

          A Cerami, R Bucala, K Tracey (1991)
          Nitric oxide (an endothelium-derived relaxing factor) induces smooth muscle relaxation and is an important mediator in the regulation of vascular tone. Advanced glycosylation end products, the glucose-derived moieties that form nonenzymatically and accumulate on long-lived tissue proteins, have been implicated in many of the complications of diabetes and normal aging. We demonstrate that advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide activity in vitro and in vivo. Acceleration of the advanced glycosylation process in vivo results in a time-dependent impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Inhibition of advanced glycosylation with aminoguanidine prevents nitric oxide quenching, and ameliorates the vasodilatory impairment. These results implicate advanced glycosylation products as important modulators of nitric oxide activity and endothelium-dependent relaxation.
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            Advanced glycosylation end products in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

            Eleanor Friedman, E Skolnik, E Rayfield … (1991)
            Glucose reacts nonenzymatically with proteins in vivo, chemically forming covalently attached glucose-addition products and cross-links between proteins. The excessive accumulation of rearranged late-glucose-addition products, or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), is believed to contribute to the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. To elucidate the relation of AGEs to diabetic complications, we used a radioreceptor assay to measure serum and tissue AGEs in diabetic (Types I and Type II) and nondiabetic patients with different levels of renal function. Serum AGEs were measured as a low-molecular-weight (less than or equal to 10 kd) peptide fraction and a high-molecular-weight (greater than 10 kd) protein fraction. The mean (+/- SD) AGE content of samples of arterial-wall collagen from 9 diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of samples from 18 nondiabetic patients (14.5 +/- 5.2 vs. 3.6 +/- 1.5 AGE units per milligram, P less than 0.001). Moreover, diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease had almost twice as much AGE in tissue as diabetic patients without renal disease (21.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 11.5 +/- 1.9 AGE units per milligram, P less than 0.001). The AGE levels in both serum fractions were elevated in the patients with diabetes, and the levels of AGE peptides correlated directly with serum creatinine (P less than 0.001) and inversely with creatinine clearance (P less than 0.005), suggesting that levels of AGE peptides increased with the severity of diabetic nephropathy. In six patients with diabetes who required hemodialysis, the levels of AGE peptides were five times higher than in eight normal subjects (82.8 +/- 9.4 vs. 15.6 +/- 3.4 AGE units per milliliter, P less than 0.001). In another group of diabetic patients the mean serum creatinine level, which decreased by 75 percent during a session of hemodialysis, whereas the level of AGE peptides decreased by only 24 percent. Serum levels of AGE peptides were normal in two patients with normal serum creatinine levels after renal transplantation. AGEs accumulate at a faster-than-normal rate in arteries and the circulation of patients with diabetes; the increase in circulating AGE peptides parallels the severity of renal functional impairment in diabetic nephropathy.
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              Vitamin E, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

              I. Jialal, U. Singh, S. Devaraj (2004)
              Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Its incidence has also been increasing lately in developing countries. Several lines of evidence support a role for oxidative stress and inflammation in atherogenesis. Oxidation of lipoproteins is a hallmark in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces inflammation as it induces adhesion and influx of monocytes and influences cytokine release by monocytes. A number of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) modulate monocyte adhesion to endothelium. C-reactive protein (CRP), a prototypic marker of inflammation, is a risk marker for CVD and it could contribute to atherosclerosis. Hence, dietary micronutrients having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may have a potential beneficial effect with regard to cardiovascular disease. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Several lines of evidence suggest that among different forms of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (AT) has potential beneficial effects with regard to cardiovascular disease. AT supplementation in human subjects and animal models has been shown to decrease lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2-) production by impairing the assembly of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase as well as by decreasing the expression of scavenger receptors (SR-A and CD36), particularly important in the formation of foam cells. AT therapy, especially at high doses, has been shown to decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines, the chemokine IL-8 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels as well as decrease adhesion of monocytes to endothelium. In addition, AT has been shown to decrease CRP levels, in patients with CVD and in those with risk factors for CVD. The mechanisms that account for nonantioxidant effects of AT include the inhibition of protein kinase C, 5-lipoxygenase, tyrosine-kinase as well as cyclooxygenase-2. Based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, AT (at the appropriate dose and form) could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease in a high-risk population.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2006
                Publication date (Print): August 2006
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 August 2006
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 369-376
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Cinisello Balsamo, and bDepartment of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan; cDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
                Article
                Publisher ID: 93678 Other ID: Blood Purif 2006;24:369–376
                DOI: 10.1159/000093678
                PubMed ID: 16755158
                SO-VID: bbbdc08d-312d-48db-bc63-ffc4e5996d27
                Copyright © © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 09 September 2005
                Date accepted : 24 February 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Hemodialysis,Advanced glycation end products,Vitamin E-coated dialyzer
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Hemodialysis, Advanced glycation end products, Vitamin E-coated dialyzer

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