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      The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 × 5; group × time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.

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          Short-term effect of dynamic exercise on arterial blood pressure.

          Linda Pescatello, C Leach, R Fargo … (1991)
          To quantify the duration of postexercise hypotension at different exercise intensities, we studied six unmedicated, mildly hypertensive men matched with six normotensive controls. Each subject wore a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor at the same time of day for 13 consecutive hours on 3 different days. On each of the 3 days, subjects either cycled for 30 minutes at 40% or 70% maximum VO2 or performed activities of daily living. There was no intensity effect on the postexercise reduction in blood pressure, so blood pressure data were combined for the different exercise intensities. Postexercise diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were lower by 8 +/- 1 (p less than 0.001) and 7 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), respectively, than the preexercise values for 12.7 hours in the hypertensive group. These variables were not different before and after exercise in the normotensive group. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) for 8.7 hours after exercise in the hypertensive group. In contrast, systolic blood pressure was 5 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) higher for 12.7 hours after exercise in the normotensive group. When the blood pressure response on the exercise days was compared with that on the nonexercise day, systolic blood pressure (135 +/- 1 versus 145 +/- 1 mm Hg) and mean arterial pressure (100 +/- 1 versus 106 +/- 1 mm Hg) were lower (p less than 0.05) on the exercise days in the hypertensive but not in the normotensive group. We found a postexercise reduction in mean arterial pressure for 12.7 hours independent of the exercise intensity in the hypertensive group. Furthermore, mean arterial pressure was lower on exercise than on nonexercise days in the hypertensive but not in the normotensive group. These findings indicate that dynamic exercise may be an important adjunct in the treatment of mild hypertension.
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            Dose effect on intramuscular metabolic stress during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction.

            Kagami Hirabayashi, Masashi Omokawa, Koichi Okita … (2010)
            Our previous study reported that metabolic stress in skeletal muscle achieved by combining moderate blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-intensity resistance exercise at 20% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) could not reach the level achieved by high-intensity resistance exercise. Since the previous protocol is typical of current regimens of this type, we sought in this study to optimize the exercise protocol for low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR by examining the dose effects of exercise intensity and pressure. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. They were asked to perform unilateral plantar flexion for 2 min (30 repetitions/min) under six different conditions: two resistance exercises (20% 1 RM and 65% 1 RM) without BFR, and four BFR protocols. The four BFR protocols included three different exercise intensities (20, 30, and 40% 1 RM) with moderate pressure (MP) using 130% of systolic blood pressure (147+/-17 mmHg, mean+/-SD) and 20% 1 RM with high pressure at 200 mmHg. Intramuscular metabolites and pH were obtained by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Significant dose effects on intramuscular metabolites and pH were observed for exercise intensity (P or=30% 1 RM.
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              Postexercise hypotension induced by low-intensity resistance exercise in hypertensive women receiving captopril.

              Tais Tinucci, M Melo, Decio Mion … (2006)
              The present study investigated the effect of a single bout of low-intensity resistance exercise on recovery blood pressure in hypertensive women receiving captopril. Twelve essential hypertensive women, who were receiving captopril, underwent two experimental sessions: control (C - 40 min of seated rest) and low-intensity resistance exercise (E - six resistance exercises, three sets, 20 repetitions, 40% of one repetition maximum). Clinic blood pressure was measured in the laboratory, before and for 120 min after exercise or rest. Moreover, ambulatory blood pressure was also measured for 21 h after exercise or rest. Clinic blood pressures decreased significantly after exercise (systolic blood pressure =-12+ or -3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure =-6+ or -2 mmHg, P<0.05), but not after rest. Mean awake blood pressures (systolic: C=132+ or -5 mmHg vs. E=125+ or -4 mmHg and diastolic: C=83+ or -3 mmHg vs. E=78+ or -2 mmHg, P<0.05) were significantly lower in the E than in the C session, while 21-h (systolic blood pressures: C=128+ or -5 mmHg vs. E=123+ or -4 mmHg; and diastolic blood pressures: C=80+ or -3 mmHg vs. E=76+ or -2 mmHg) and asleep (systolic blood pressures: C=120+ or -7 mmHg vs. E=118+ or -5 mmHg; and diastolic blood pressures: C=73+ or -4 mmHg vs. E=71+ or -3 mmHg) blood pressures did not differ between the experimental sessions. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between blood pressure measured in the C session and blood pressure reduction observed in the E session, showing that blood pressure decrease was greater when blood pressure level was higher. In hypertensive women receiving captopril, a single bout of low-intensity resistance exercise reduces blood pressure. This reduction persists for 10 h, during the awake period, while patients were engaged in their daily living activities. It was greater in patients with higher ambulatory blood pressure.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Hum Kinet
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Hum Kinet
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JHK
                Title: Journal of Human Kinetics
                Publisher: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Katowicach
                ISSN (Print): 1640-5544
                ISSN (Electronic): 1899-7562
                Publication date Collection: 29 September 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2014
                Volume: 43
                Pages: 79-85
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Associate Program on Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE / UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
                [2 ]Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceara-Campus Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil.
                [3 ]Kinanthropometry and Human Development Laboratory, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa/PB, Brazil.
                Author notes

                Authors submitted their contribution to the article to the editorial board.

                Corresponding author: Joamira P. de Araújo, Center for Research in Human Performance and Kinanthropometry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil, Rua Rosa Lima dos Santos, 58051-590 João Pessoa, Brazil, Phone: +55 83 9627 1991, E-mail: joamira10@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: jhk-43-79
                DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0092
                PMC ID: 4332187
                PubMed ID: 25713647
                SO-VID: bbf0c5f7-8b7b-4be8-88be-33cc9e2836cb
                Copyright © © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date accepted : November 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Physical Activity, Sport & Health

                Keywords: strength training,vascular occlusion,blood pressure,heart rate,hypertension
                Data availability:
                Keywords: strength training, vascular occlusion, blood pressure, heart rate, hypertension

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