Órdenes subsidiarios, Coca, esmeraldas: la guerra y la paz

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Abstract

La cuestión central de este artículo es dilucidar cómo se articulan las economías esmeraldera y cocalera con el conflicto colombiano. Para esto interpretamos los mecanismos que generan conflicto o paz, orden o desorden. Nuestro análisis se apoya en el modelo de Richard Snyder que ofrece elementos analíticos para comprender cómo se correlacionan la contestación violenta y la exportación de productos primarios. Concluimos que las economías descritas han tenido trayectorias muy violentas pero también han abierto la puerta a formas específicas de paz, cuyos prerrequisitos son la negación de las libertades democráticas, la privatización de políticas públicas, el aval y fortalecimiento de actores ilegales o semilegales. Asimismo, ofrecemos un examen crítico al modelo de Snyder.

Translated abstract

This article explains how the emerald and coca economies are ingrained in the Colombian conflict. We interpret the mechanisms that generate conflict or peace, order or disorder. Our analysis is supported on Richard Snyder's model which offers analytical elements to understand how violent reaction and raw products exports correlate with each other. We conclude that the described economies have had very violent courses but have also opened up specific paths to peace, of which the prerequisites are the denial of democratic freedom, privatization of public economies, and the endorsement and strengthening of illegal or semi-legal actors. We also offer a critical assessment of Snyder's model.

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The Political Economy of the Resource Curse

Michael L. Ross (1999)

How does a state's natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have been explored by both economists and political scientists. New research suggests that resource wealth tends to harm economic growth, yet there is little agreement on why this occurs. This article reviews a wide range of recent attempts in both economics and political science to explain the “resource curse.” It suggests that much has been learned about the economic problems of resource exporters but less is known about their political problems. The disparity between strong findings on economic matters and weak findings on political ones partly reflects the failure of political scientists to carefully test their own theories.