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      Simultaneous Determination of 5 Flavonoids and 7 Saponins for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Xinnaoshutong Capsule Using HPLC-VWD-ELSD

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          Abstract

          Xinnaoshutong capsule (XC) is a traditional Chinese prescription derived from the ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT). Although XC has long been considered as an important herbal medicine, no analytical method of marker compounds for quality assessment is registered in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A simple analytical method of twelve marker components was developed and validated by HPLC-VWD-ELSD method. Chromatographic separation by HPLC was carried out on a Hedera ODS 2 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5  μm) by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. Various extraction conditions were optimized to achieve twelve marker compounds with faster extraction and higher recovery. The analytical condition was then validated in terms of the linearity, accuracy and precision, repeatability, and stability. The twelve markers were successfully quantified in 30 batches of commercial samples. The developed HPLC-VWD-ELSD could be used as a rapid and reliable way in the assessment and quality control of XC and TT.

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          Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of some flavonoids.

          Didem Orhan, Berrin Ozçelik, Selda Özgen … (2010)
          Antibacterial and antifungal activities of six plant-derived flavonoids representing two different structural groups were evaluated against standard strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and their drug-resistant isolates, as well as fungi (Candida albicans, C. krusei) using the microdilution broth method. Herpes simplex virus Type-1 and Parainfluenza-3 virus were employed for antiviral assessment of the flavonoids using Madin-Darby bovine kidney and Vero cell lines. Ampicillin, gentamycin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, fluconazole, ketoconazole, acyclovir, and oseltamivir were used as the control agents. All tested compounds (32-128 microg/ml) showed strong antimicrobial and antifungal activities against isolated strains of P. aeruginosa, A. baumanni, S. aureus, and C. krusei. Rutin, 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-flavanone-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (0.2-0.05 microg/ml) were active against PI-3, while 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone-4'-O-[2''-O-(5'''-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (0.16-0.2 microg/ml) inhibited potently HSV-1. Copyright 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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            Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus Terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats.

            Rajendra Prasad, Karunakaran Gauthaman, P Adaikan … (2002)
            Tribulus terrestris (TT) has long been used in the traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments and is popularly claimed to improve sexual functions in man. Sexual behaviour and intracavernous pressure (ICP) were studied in both normal and castrated rats to further understand the role of TT containing protodioscin (PTN) as an aphrodisiac. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 8 each that included distilled water treated (normal and castrated), testosterone treated (normal and castrated, 10 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously, bi-weekly) and TT treated (castrated, 5 mg/kg body weight, orally once daily). Decreases in body weight, prostate weight and ICP were observed among the castrated groups of rats compared to the intact group. There was an overall reduction in the sexual behaviour parameters in the castrated groups of rats as reflected by decrease in mount and intromission frequencies (MF and IF) and increase in mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies (ML, IL, EL) as well as post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). Compared to the castrated control, treatment of castrated rats (with either testosterone or TT extract) showed increase in prostate weight and ICP that were statistically significant. There was also a mild to moderate improvement of the sexual behaviour parameters as evidenced by increase in MF and IF; decrease in ML, IL and PEI. These results were statistically significant. It is concluded that TT extract appears to possess aphrodisiac activity probably due to androgen increasing property of TT (observed in our earlier study on primates).
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              The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction--an evaluation using primates, rabbit and rat.

              Kalamegam Gauthaman, A. Ganesan, Gauthaman Kalamegam (2008)
              Hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris (TT) were evaluated in primates, rabbit and rat to identify its usefulness in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). TT extract was administered intravenously, as a bolus dose of 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg, in primates for acute study. Rabbits and normal rats were treated with 2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg of TT extract orally for 8 weeks, for chronic study. In addition, castrated rats were treated either with testosterone cypionate (10mg/kg, subcutaneously; biweekly for 8 weeks) or TT orally (5mg/kg daily for 8 weeks). Blood samples were analyzed for testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels using radioimmunoassay. In primates, the increases in T (52%), DHT (31%) and DHEAS (29%) at 7.5mg/kg were statistically significant. In rabbits, both T and DHT were increased compared to control, however, only the increases in DHT (by 30% and 32% at 5 and 10mg/kg) were statistically significant. In castrated rats, increases in T levels by 51% and 25% were observed with T and TT extract respectively that were statistically significant. TT increases some of the sex hormones, possibly due to the presence of protodioscin in the extract. TT may be useful in mild to moderate cases of ED.
              Article 0 comments Cited 45 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Anal Methods Chem
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Anal Methods Chem
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JAMC
                Title: Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2090-8865
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-8873
                Publication date (Print): 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2017
                Volume: 2017
                Electronic Location Identifier: 3190185
                Affiliations
                1Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
                2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
                3College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
                4Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
                Author notes
                *Yan-xu Chang: tcmcyx@ 123456126.com

                Academic Editor: Josep Esteve-Romero

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-9234
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1224-0071
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6617-6645
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4198-374X
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2017/3190185
                PMC ID: 5278192
                PubMed ID: 28191359
                SO-VID: bbfacb54-8212-44c7-af64-4a6d742daa51
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 Jin Li et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 August 2016
                Date accepted : 10 November 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development
                Award ID: 2010ZX09201-201
                Award ID: 2014ZX09304307-001-005
                Award ID: 2014ZX09201022-004
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81503213
                Award ID: 81374050
                Funded by: PCSIRT
                Award ID: IRT-14R41
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Analytical chemistry

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