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      International Journal of COPD (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on pathophysiological processes underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) interventions, patient focused education, and self-management protocols. Sign up for email alerts here.

      39,063 Monthly downloads/views I 2.893 Impact Factor I 5.2 CiteScore I 1.16 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.804 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Impact of symptom variability on clinical outcomes in COPD: analysis of a longitudinal cohort

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          We compared clinical characteristics of COPD patients according to symptom variability and evaluated the effect of symptom variability during the first year of enrollment on clinical outcomes of COPD.

          Methods

          We analyzed COPD patients’ data from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. Symptom variability was defined based on the value of standard deviation (SD) of mMRC scores obtained every 3 months during the follow-up period of the first year. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the consistent (SD of mMRC scores =0) and variable (SD of mMRC scores >0) groups. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared in terms of symptom variability.

          Results

          A total of 407 patients were included in the analysis. Patient age was 67.2 years and 97.8% of the subjects were male. Initial mMRC was 1.5 and the SD of mMRC scores during the first year was 0.5. There were 137 subjects (33.7%) in the consistent group and 270 (66.3%) in the variable group. The variable group showed a lower FEV 1 ( P=0.019) and a higher mMRC score ( P=0.001). The annual incidence of acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) tended to be higher in the variable group ( P=0.078) and that of severe AE-COPD was higher in the variable group than in the consistent group ( P=0.002). The variable group showed a higher proportion of annual exacerbators ( P=0.001) and frequent exacerbators ( P=0.017). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the variable group was significantly associated with annual exacerbators (OR =1.963, P=0.011) and frequent exacerbators (OR =2.090, P=0.055).

          Conclusion

          COPD patients with symptom variability may have higher exacerbation risk as well as lower lung function and more severe respiratory symptoms.

          Most cited references18

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          Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

          John R. Hurst, Jørgen Vestbo, Antonio Anzueto … (2010)
          Although we know that exacerbations are key events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), our understanding of their frequency, determinants, and effects is incomplete. In a large observational cohort, we tested the hypothesis that there is a frequent-exacerbation phenotype of COPD that is independent of disease severity. We analyzed the frequency and associations of exacerbation in 2138 patients enrolled in the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) study. Exacerbations were defined as events that led a care provider to prescribe antibiotics or corticosteroids (or both) or that led to hospitalization (severe exacerbations). Exacerbation frequency was observed over a period of 3 years. Exacerbations became more frequent (and more severe) as the severity of COPD increased; exacerbation rates in the first year of follow-up were 0.85 per person for patients with stage 2 COPD (with stage defined in accordance with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stages), 1.34 for patients with stage 3, and 2.00 for patients with stage 4. Overall, 22% of patients with stage 2 disease, 33% with stage 3, and 47% with stage 4 had frequent exacerbations (two or more in the first year of follow-up). The single best predictor of exacerbations, across all GOLD stages, was a history of exacerbations. The frequent-exacerbation phenotype appeared to be relatively stable over a period of 3 years and could be predicted on the basis of the patient's recall of previous treated events. In addition to its association with more severe disease and prior exacerbations, the phenotype was independently associated with a history of gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn, poorer quality of life, and elevated white-cell count. Although exacerbations become more frequent and more severe as COPD progresses, the rate at which they occur appears to reflect an independent susceptibility phenotype. This has implications for the targeting of exacerbation-prevention strategies across the spectrum of disease severity. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00292552.)
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            Observational study to characterise 24-hour COPD symptoms and their relationship with patient-reported outcomes: results from the ASSESS study

            Marc Miravitlles, Heinrich Worth, Juan Soler-Cataluna … (2014)
            Background Few studies have investigated the 24-hour symptom profile in patients with COPD or how symptoms during the 24-hour day are inter-related. This observational study assessed the prevalence, severity and relationship between night-time, early morning and daytime COPD symptoms and explored the relationship between 24-hour symptoms and other patient-reported outcomes. Methods The study enrolled patients with stable COPD in clinical practice. Baseline night-time, early morning and daytime symptoms (symptom questionnaire), severity of airflow obstruction (FEV1), dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale), health status (COPD Assessment Test), anxiety and depression levels (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), sleep quality (COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale) and physical activity level (sedentary, moderately active or active) were recorded. Results The full analysis set included 727 patients: 65.8% male, mean ± standard deviation age 67.2 ± 8.8 years, % predicted FEV1 52.8 ± 20.5%. In each part of the 24-hour day, >60% of patients reported experiencing ≥1 symptom in the week before baseline. Symptoms were more common in the early morning and daytime versus night-time (81.4%, 82.7% and 63.0%, respectively). Symptom severity was comparable for each period assessed. Overall, in the week before baseline, 56.7% of patients had symptoms throughout the whole 24-hour day (3 parts of the day); 79.9% had symptoms in ≥2 parts of the 24-hour day. Symptoms during each part of the day were inter-related, irrespective of disease severity (all p < 0.001). Early morning and daytime symptoms were associated with the severity of airflow obstruction (p < 0.05 for both). Night-time, early morning and daytime symptoms were all associated with worse dyspnoea, health status and sleep quality, and higher anxiety and depression levels (all p < 0.001 versus patients without symptoms in each corresponding period). In each part of the 24-hour day, there was also an association between symptoms and a patient’s physical activity level (p < 0.05 for each period). Conclusions More than half of patients experienced COPD symptoms throughout the whole 24-hour day. There was a significant relationship between night-time, early morning and daytime symptoms. In each period, symptoms were associated with worse patient-reported outcomes, suggesting that improving 24-hour symptoms should be an important consideration in the management of COPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0122-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Patient insight into the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the morning: an internet survey.

              Niklas Karlsson, Benjamin Partridge, I Small (2009)
              To determine diurnal variability of symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess the impact of COPD upon patients' morning activities and routines. Quantitative internet interviews with 803 COPD patients from Europe and the USA, including 289 patients with severe COPD. Severe COPD was defined according to regular use of COPD medication, third level of breathlessness or above using the modified Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale (MRC dyspnoea score > or =3) and one or more COPD exacerbations in the preceding 12 months. Morning was the worst time of day for COPD symptoms, particularly in patients with severe COPD (reported by 46% of severe patients). In these patients, shortness of breath was the most frequently reported symptom, correlating strongly with problems experienced with morning activities. Morning activities most affected by COPD were walking up and down stairs, putting on shoes and socks, making the bed, dressing, showering or bathing and drying. The majority of patients were not taking their medication in time for it to exert its optimal effect. Many patients consider the impact of COPD on morning activities to be substantial. Physicians should question patients about morning activities to assess disease impact and to advise regarding the optimal time to use therapy. This was an internet-based questionnaire survey and possible bias in patient selection and self-reported diagnosis of COPD and its severity should be taken into account.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): COPD
                Journal ID (pmc): copd
                Title: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9106
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 September 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 14
                Pages: 2135-2144
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Seongnam, Republic of Korea
                [2 ]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Ji-Hyun LeeDepartment of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam463-712, Republic of KoreaTel +82 31 780 5205Fax +82 31 780 2992Email plmjhlee@cha.ac.kr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 203715
                DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S203715
                PMC ID: 6759953
                PubMed ID: 31571850
                SO-VID: bc232bc2-2ce3-48ad-afc3-10baed004eb2
                Copyright © © 2019 Kim et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 31 January 2019
                Date accepted : 01 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, References: 26, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: copd,symptom,variability,exacerbation,death,lung function
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: copd, symptom, variability, exacerbation, death, lung function

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