4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Real-Time Detection of Fouling-Layer with a Non-Intrusive Continuous Sensor (NICS) during Thermal Processing in Food Manufacturing

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The fouling of indirect shell and coil heat exchanger by heavy whipping cream (HWC) and non-fat dry milk (NFDM) was studied at aseptic Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) processing conditions (140 °C) using a novel non-intrusive sensor. The sensor emitted a heat pulse intermittently throughout the duration of the process causing an incremental increase in temperature at the tube external surface. The temperature response of the sensor varied due to the radial growth of the fouling layer formed by certain components of the products. Each heating pulse and the temperature response was studied to estimate the thermal conductivity of the fouling layer using inverse problems and parameter estimation. The changes in thermal conductivity were used as an indication of the fouling layer development during food processing at UHT temperatures. The estimated parameters from experimental results showed a decreasing trend in the thermal conductivity of HWC and NFDM from 0.35 to 0.10 and 0.63 to 0.37, respectively. An image analysis tool was developed and used to measure the fouling layer thickness at the end of each trial. The measured thickness was found to be 0.58 ± 0.15 for HWC and 0.56 ± 0.07 mm for NFDM. The fouling layer resistance for HWC and NFDM was 5.95 × 10 −3 ± 1.53 × 10 −3 and 1.53 × 10 −3 ± 2.0 × 10 −4 (m 2K)/W, respectively.

          Related collections

          Most cited references28

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          A Critical Review of Milk Fouling in Heat Exchangers

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Book: not found

            Food Engineering Data Handbook

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Investigation of Whey Protein Deposit Properties Using Heat Flux Sensors

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                10 February 2021
                February 2021
                : 21
                : 4
                : 1271
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; fcantare@ 123456purdue.edu (F.J.C.R.); fozadali@ 123456purdue.edu (F.O.)
                [2 ]Reckitt Benckiser Nutrition/Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA
                [3 ]Department of Food Technology, Mahidol University, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand; patnarin.ben@ 123456mahidol.edu
                [4 ]Islander Consulting and Engineering, Newburgh, IN 47630, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mishradh@ 123456purdue.edu ; Tel.: +1-765-494-2594
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7900-5178
                Article
                sensors-21-01271
                10.3390/s21041271
                7916806
                33579051
                bc294efd-f856-452f-bca5-5a47ed6597bc
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 31 December 2020
                : 05 February 2021
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                fouling,thermal conductivity,image analysis,composition,thermal resistance
                Biomedical engineering
                fouling, thermal conductivity, image analysis, composition, thermal resistance

                Comments

                Comment on this article