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      Sensors and Functionalities of Non-Invasive Wrist-Wearable Devices: A Review

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          Abstract

          Wearable devices have recently received considerable interest due to their great promise for a plethora of applications. Increased research efforts are oriented towards a non-invasive monitoring of human health as well as activity parameters. A wide range of wearable sensors are being developed for real-time non-invasive monitoring. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sensors used in wrist-wearable devices, methods used for the visualization of parameters measured as well as methods used for intelligent analysis of data obtained from wrist-wearable devices. In line with this, the main features of commercial wrist-wearable devices are presented. As a result of this review, a taxonomy of sensors, functionalities, and methods used in non-invasive wrist-wearable devices was assembled.

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          Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices.

          Yasser Khan, Aminy E. Ostfeld, Claire M Lochner … (2016)
          Advances in wireless technologies, low-power electronics, the internet of things, and in the domain of connected health are driving innovations in wearable medical devices at a tremendous pace. Wearable sensor systems composed of flexible and stretchable materials have the potential to better interface to the human skin, whereas silicon-based electronics are extremely efficient in sensor data processing and transmission. Therefore, flexible and stretchable sensors combined with low-power silicon-based electronics are a viable and efficient approach for medical monitoring. Flexible medical devices designed for monitoring human vital signs, such as body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, and blood glucose have applications in both fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics. As a review of the latest development in flexible and wearable human vitals sensors, the essential components required for vitals sensors are outlined and discussed here, including the reported sensor systems, sensing mechanisms, sensor fabrication, power, and data processing requirements.
          Article 0 comments Cited 255 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Flexible Sensing Electronics for Wearable/Attachable Health Monitoring.

            Xuewen Wang, Zheng Liu, Ting Zhang (2017)
            Wearable or attachable health monitoring smart systems are considered to be the next generation of personal portable devices for remote medicine practices. Smart flexible sensing electronics are components crucial in endowing health monitoring systems with the capability of real-time tracking of physiological signals. These signals are closely associated with body conditions, such as heart rate, wrist pulse, body temperature, blood/intraocular pressure and blood/sweat bio-information. Monitoring such physiological signals provides a convenient and non-invasive way for disease diagnoses and health assessments. This Review summarizes the recent progress of flexible sensing electronics for their use in wearable/attachable health monitoring systems. Meanwhile, we present an overview of different materials and configurations for flexible sensors, including piezo-resistive, piezo-electrical, capacitive, and field effect transistor based devices, and analyze the working principles in monitoring physiological signals. In addition, the future perspectives of wearable healthcare systems and the technical demands on their commercialization are briefly discussed.
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              Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality

              Tim Althoff, Rok Sosic, Jennifer Hicks … (2017)
              Understanding the basic principles that govern physical activity is needed to curb the global pandemic of physical inactivity 1–7 and the 5.3 million deaths per year associated with in-activity 2 . Our knowledge, however, remains limited owing to the lack of large-scale measurements of physical activity patterns across free-living populations worldwide 1, 6 . Here, we leverage the wide usage of smartphones with built-in accelerometry to measure physical activity at planetary scale. We study a dataset consisting of 68 million days of physical activity for 717,527 people, giving us a window into activity in 111 countries across the globe. We find inequality in how activity is distributed within countries and that this inequality is a better predictor of obesity prevalence in the population than average activity volume. Reduced activity in females contributes to a large portion of the observed activity inequality. Aspects of the built environment, such as the walkability of a city, were associated with less gender gap in activity and activity inequality. In more walkable cities, activity is greater throughout the day and throughout the week, across age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) groups, with the greatest increases in activity for females. Our findings have implications for global public health policy and urban planning and highlight the role of activity inequality and the built environment for improving physical activity and health.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): sensors
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2018
                Publication date Collection: June 2018
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1714
                Affiliations
                Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška Cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; iztok.fister1@ 123456um.si (I.F.J.); muhamed.turkanovic@ 123456um.si (M.T.); saso.karakatic@ 123456um.si (S.K.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: aida.kamisalic@ 123456um.si
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-8506
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-1272
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5079-5468
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-9690
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-18-01714
                DOI: 10.3390/s18061714
                PMC ID: 6021794
                PubMed ID: 29799504
                SO-VID: bc816d61-89c5-4c7c-bd83-fa42ba2ed58d
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 April 2018
                Date accepted : 22 May 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: wrist-wearable device,non-invasive,sensor,intelligent analysis,visualization,taxonomy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: wrist-wearable device, non-invasive, sensor, intelligent analysis, visualization, taxonomy

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