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      Effects of High-Velocity Strength Training on Movement Velocity and Strength Endurance in Experienced Powerlifters with Cerebral Palsy

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          Abstract

          The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 6-week high-velocity strength training (HVST) intervention on movement velocity and strength endurance in experienced powerlifters with cerebral palsy (CP). Eleven experienced powerlifters with CP and seven from a control group (CON), were subjected to 6-week HVST. An assessment of movement velocity and strength endurance was conducted one week before (T1) and one week after (T2) the 6-week training intervention. During testing, athletes performed a maximum number of bench press repetitions possible within 5 sets of 15 s each, with 1-min passive rest intervals in-between. The indicator of movement velocity was the weight pressed in the first 5 s (5sW) in all performed sets. Strength endurance was described by the total weight (TW) pressed during the test. 5sW in T2 was significantly higher as compared with T1 in the CP group only (T1 928.9 ± 342.9 kg vs. T2 1007.3 ± 324.6 kg; p = 0.016). TW in T2 was significantly higher as compared with T1, both in the CP group (T1 2550.5 ± 843.9 kg vs. T2 2809.8 ± 981.3 kg; p < 0.001) and in the CON group (T1 2300.7 ± 845.1 kg vs. T2 2468.9 ± 890.1 kg; p = 0.049). A 6-week program of HVST increased movement velocity in resistance trained CP athletes. The gains of strength endurance were observed in both groups.

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          Maximal intended velocity training induces greater gains in bench press performance than deliberately slower half-velocity training

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            Muscle activations under varying lifting speeds and intensities during bench press.

            During a set of resistance exercise performed until exhaustion, the relationship between intensity and the number of repetitions can be affected by lifting speed, with faster speeds producing higher numbers. The hypothesized mechanisms include enhanced utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle. This study investigated muscle activations under varying speeds and intensities during bench press using surface electromyography (EMG) to suggest further mechanisms for the above finding. Thirteen weight-trained men (21.7 ± 3.6-year-old) performed bench press until fatigue under five intensities (40-80% 1RM), and four speeds (slow 5.6-s/repetition, medium 2.8-s/repetition, fast 1.9-s/repetition, and ballistic maximum speed). Surface EMG was recorded from the pectoralis, deltoid, and triceps for root-mean-square amplitude and median frequency. EMG amplitudes were greater for faster and heavier conditions before fatigue. Faster conditions, however, produced a significant fall in amplitude during the final concentric phase compared to slower movements. After fatigue, EMG amplitude increased, with the speed effect being maintained. The intensity effect on amplitude either disappeared or remained similar, depending on the muscles. Median frequencies before fatigue were similar among speeds and intensities. The fall in frequency after fatigue was similar across speeds, but greater for lighter intensities. It was concluded that reduced muscle activation during the final concentric phase in faster conditions allowed a better muscle pump, explaining the increased repetition numbers. Fatigue levels are likely to have been similar across speeds, but greater for lower intensities. An incomplete rise in EMG amplitude after fatigue for lower intensities could imply an increased contribution of central fatigue or neuromuscular transmission failure.
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              International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for children and youth with cerebral palsy: a consensus meeting.

              The objective of this article is to report on the Core Sets developed for children and youth aged 0 to 18 years, with cerebral palsy (CP) based on the pediatric International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Hum Kinet
                J Hum Kinet
                hukin
                hukin
                Journal of Human Kinetics
                Sciendo
                1640-5544
                1899-7562
                21 July 2020
                July 2020
                : 73
                : 235-243
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Paralympic Sports, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw , Wroclaw, Poland
                [2 ]Sport Sciences – Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark
                [3 ]Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw , Wroclaw, Poland
                Author notes
                [* ] Rafał Szafraniec Department of Paralympic Sports, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland, al. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław rafal.szafraniec@ 123456awf.wroc.pl
                Article
                hukin-2020-0009
                10.2478/hukin-2020-0009
                7386148
                32774555
                bc91c06c-4d30-4de0-8f8e-a7907edadeb5
                © 2020 Rafał Szafraniec, Aleksandra Kisilewicz, Martyna Kumorek, Mathias Kristiansen, Pascal Madeleine, Dariusz Mroczek, published by Sciendo

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Section IV – Behavioural Sciences in Sport

                performance,disabled athletes,resistance exercise,resistance

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