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      Molecular Targets of Dietary Polyphenols with Anti-inflammatory Properties

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 3 ,
      Yonsei Medical Journal
      Yonsei University College of Medicine
      Polyphenol, anti-inflammation, COX, LOX, NAG-1, NSAID

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          Abstract

          There is persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence that dietary polyphenols have anti-inflammatory activity. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to combat inflammation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been developed and recommended for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, two COX inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market due to unexpected side effects. Because conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches have not been able to fully control the incidence and outcome of many inflammatory diseases, there is an urgent need to find safer compounds and to develop mechanism-based approaches for the management of these diseases. Polyphenols are found in many dietary plant products, including fruits, vegetables, beverages, herbs, and spices. Several of these compounds have been found to inhibit the inflammation process as well as tumorigenesis in experimental animals; they can also exhibit potent biological properties. In addition, epidemiological studies have indicated that populations who consume foods rich in specific polyphenols have lower incidences of inflammatory disease. This paper provides an overview of the research approaches that can be used to unravel the biology and health effects of polyphenols. Polyphenols have diverse biological effects, however, this review will focus on some of the pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation process.

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          Most cited references75

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          Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals.

          Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents to inhibit, reverse or retard tumorigenesis. Numerous phytochemicals derived from edible plants have been reported to interfere with a specific stage of the carcinogenic process. Many mechanisms have been shown to account for the anticarcinogenic actions of dietary constituents, but attention has recently been focused on intracellular-signalling cascades as common molecular targets for various chemopreventive phytochemicals.
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            PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines.

            The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, a large and diverse group of proteins that mediate ligand-dependent transcriptional activation and repression. Expression of PPAR-gamma is an early and pivotal event in the differentiation of adipocytes. Several agents that promote differentiation of fibroblast lines into adipocytes have been shown to be PPAR-gamma agonists, including several prostanoids, of which 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2 is the most potent, as well as members of a new class of oral antidiabetic agents, the thiazolidinediones, and a variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here we show that PPAR-gamma agonists suppress monocyte elaboration of inflammatory cytokines at agonist concentrations similar to those found to be effective for the promotion of adipogenesis. Inhibition of cytokine production may help to explain the incremental therapeutic benefit of NSAIDs observed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis at plasma drug concentrations substantially higher than are required to inhibit prostaglandin G/H synthase (cyclooxygenase).
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              Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Yonsei Med J
                YMJ
                Yonsei Medical Journal
                Yonsei University College of Medicine
                0513-5796
                1976-2437
                31 October 2005
                31 October 2005
                : 46
                : 5
                : 585-596
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                [2 ]The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
                Author notes
                Reprint address: requests to Dr. Seung Joon Baek, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive Knoxville, TN 37996. Tel: 865-974-8216, Fax: 865-974-5616, SBAEK2@ 123456UTK.EDU
                Article
                10.3349/ymj.2005.46.5.585
                2562783
                16259055
                bc929f2d-cfeb-4200-b5b0-46904831fa35
                Copyright © 2005 The Yonsei University College of Medicine

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 May 2005
                Categories
                Review Article

                Medicine
                polyphenol,nsaid,nag-1,lox,anti-inflammation,cox
                Medicine
                polyphenol, nsaid, nag-1, lox, anti-inflammation, cox

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