Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Involved in the Attenuation of Experimentally Induced Rat Glomerulonephritis

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Abstract

Background/Aim: Among various kidney disease models, there are few rat glomerulonephritis (GN) models that develop in a short time, and with mainly glomerular lesions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcriptional factor that induces genes supporting cell survival, but the involvement of HIF-1α in attenuating the progression of GN remains to be elucidated. We developed a new model of rat GN by coadministration of angiotensin II (AII) with Habu snake venom (HV) and investigated whether HIF-1α is involved in renal protection. Methods: Male Wistar rats were unilaterally nephrectomized on day 1, and divided into 4 groups on day 0; N group (no treatment), HV group, A group (AII), and H+A group (HV and AII). To preinduce HIF-1α, cobalt chloride (CoCl<sub>2</sub>) was injected twice before injections of HV and AII in 11 rats. Results: GN was detected only in the H+A group; observed first on day 2 and aggravated thereafter. HIF-1α was expressed in the glomeruli and renal tubules in the A and H+A groups. In the H+A group, GN was remarkably reduced by CoCl<sub>2</sub> pretreatment (44.9 to 12.2%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both HV and AII were critical for the development of GN, and HIF-1α remarkably attenuated the progression of GN.

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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1–Dependent Induction of Intestinal Trefoil Factor Protects Barrier Function during Hypoxia

Glenn Furuta, Jerrold R. Turner, Cormac T. Taylor … (2001)

Mucosal organs such as the intestine are supported by a rich and complex underlying vasculature. For this reason, the intestine, and particularly barrier-protective epithelial cells, are susceptible to damage related to diminished blood flow and concomitant tissue hypoxia. We sought to identify compensatory mechanisms that protect epithelial barrier during episodes of intestinal hypoxia. Initial studies examining T84 colonic epithelial cells revealed that barrier function is uniquely resistant to changes elicited by hypoxia. A search for intestinal-specific, barrier-protective factors revealed that the human intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) gene promoter bears a previously unappreciated binding site for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. Hypoxia resulted in parallel induction of ITF mRNA and protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis using ITF-specific, HIF-1 consensus motifs resulted in a hypoxia-inducible DNA binding activity, and loading cells with antisense oligonucleotides directed against the α chain of HIF-1 resulted in a loss of ITF hypoxia inducibility. Moreover, addition of anti-ITF antibody resulted in a loss of barrier function in epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia, and the addition of recombinant human ITF to vascular endothelial cells partially protected endothelial cells from hypoxia-elicited barrier disruption. Extensions of these studies in vivo revealed prominent hypoxia-elicited increases in intestinal permeability in ITF null mice. HIF-1–dependent induction of ITF may provide an adaptive link for maintenance of barrier function during hypoxia.

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Mesangial immune injury, hypertension, and progressive glomerular damage in Dahl rats.

Leopoldo Raij, Silvia H. Azar, William Keane (1984)

Hypertension frequently accompanies chronic glomerulonephritis. Mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis are common in glomerulonephritis and are often harbingers of progressive glomerular destruction. Thus, in a model of mesangial immune injury we studied the relationship between hypertension, mesangial injury, and glomerulosclerosis. We induced mesangial ferritin-antiferritin immune complex disease (FIC) in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats. S and R rats with FIC were fed chow containing 0.3% NaCl until 14 weeks of age and then switched to 8.0% NaCl chow until 28 weeks of age. Groups of control S and R rats (no FIC) were either fed 0.3% NaCl for 28 weeks or switched to 8.0% NaCl chow at 14 weeks of age. Blood pressure, serum creatinine, urinary protein, and glomerular injury (assessed by semiquantitative morphometric analysis) were determined at 14 and 28 weeks of age. R rats with or without FIC did not develop hypertension; mesangial injury was minimal. At 14 weeks of age, only S FIC rats developed hypertension, proteinuria, significant mesangial expansion and early glomerulosclerosis. At 28 weeks of age, proteinuria, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis were significantly more severe in hypertensive S rats with FIC than in those without FIC. These studies show that despite a normal salt intake, mesangial injury hastened the onset of hypertension, but only in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension (S FIC at 14 weeks). High dietary salt further aggravated hypertension, which, in turn, magnified both mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis. Clinically, the different rates of progression of human glomerulonephritis associated with hypertension may be in part dependent on similar mechanisms.

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Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha by transcriptional and translational mechanisms.

Geneviève Robitaille, D Richard, Jacques Pouysségur … (2002)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) regulates the transcription of many genes induced by low oxygen conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that non-hypoxic stimuli can also activate HIF-1 in a cell-specific manner. Here, we define two key mechanisms that are implicated in increasing the active subunit of the HIF-1 complex, HIF-1alpha, following the stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with angiotensin II (Ang II). We show that, in contrast to hypoxia, the induction of HIF-1alpha by Ang II in VSMC is dependent on active transcription and ongoing translation. We demonstrate that stimulation of VSMC by Ang II strongly increases HIF-1alpha gene expression. The activation of diacylglycerol-sensitive protein kinase C (PKC) plays a major role in the increase of HIF-1alpha gene transcription. We also demonstrate that Ang II relies on ongoing translation to maintain elevated HIF-1alpha protein levels. Ang II increases HIF-1alpha translation by a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, which acts on the 5'-untranslated region of HIF-1alpha mRNA. These results establish that the non-hypoxic induction of the HIF-1 transcription factor via vasoactive hormones (Ang II and thrombin) is triggered by a dual mechanism, i.e. a PKC-mediated transcriptional action and a ROS-dependent increase in HIF-1alpha protein expression. Elucidation of these signaling pathways that up-regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could have a strong impact on different aspects of vascular biology.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NEE

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nephron Exp Nephrol

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1660-2129

Title: Cardiorenal Medicine

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-2129

Publication date Subscription-year: 2005

Publication date (Print): June 2005

Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2005

Volume: 100

Issue: 2

Pages: e95-e103

Affiliations

Departments of ^aLaboratory Medicine, ^bCardiovascular Control, ^cUrology and ^dTumor Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, and ^eThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

Article

Publisher ID: 84575 Other ID: Nephron Exp Nephrol 2005;100:e95–e103

DOI: 10.1159/000084575

PubMed ID: 15775723

SO-VID: bc9fd2d6-1d21-40d3-b626-9af99826c7ec

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 31 August 2004

Date accepted : 08 December 2004

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Figures: 6, References: 33, Pages: 1

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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Involved in the Attenuation of Experimentally Induced Rat Glomerulonephritis

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Abstract

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Karger: Nephrology

Most cited references 15

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1–Dependent Induction of Intestinal Trefoil Factor Protects Barrier Function during Hypoxia

Mesangial immune injury, hypertension, and progressive glomerular damage in Dahl rats.

Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha by transcriptional and translational mechanisms.

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