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      Weekend/weekday differences in concentrations of ozone, nox, and non-methane hydrocarbon in the metropolitan area of São Paulo Translated title: Diferença de concentrações de ozônio, nox e hidrocarbonetos não metano durante período da semana e finais de semana, na região metropolitana de São Paulo

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          Abstract

          Ozone and inhalable particulate matter are the major air pollutants in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil, a region that has more than 19 million inhabitants and approximately 7 million registered vehicles. Proximity of roadways, adjacent land use, and local circulation are just some of the factors that can affect the results of monitoring of pollutant concentrations. The so-called weekend effect (higher ozone concentrations on weekends than on weekdays) might be related to the fact that concentrations of ozone precursors, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Non Methane-Hydrocarbon (NMHC), are relatively lower on weekends. This phenomenon has been reported in some areas of the United States since the 1970s. The differences between the concentrations of ozone in period of weekend and weekday, were obtained from analysis of data hourly average of CETESB for 2004, studied the precursors to the formation of troposphere ozone, the meteorological variables and traffic profile for RMSP. Because of the proximity to sources of emissions from the station Pinheiros showed higher concentrations of NO and NO² and greater variations to the periods weekend and weekday. With fewer vehicles circulating during the weekend, and consequently less emission of pollutants, it has cleaner air and less concentration of NO and NO², there is the ideal setting to the formation of troposphere ozone, despite the lower concentration of NO². The proximity with the source emissions, aided by the increased availability of solar radiation and the presence of ozone precursors, were factors conditions for the occurrence of weekend effect.

          Translated abstract

          O ozônio e o material particulado inalável são os mais importantes poluentes do ar na região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Esta região possui em torno de 19 milhões de habitantes e aproximadamente 7 milhões de veículos registrados. O efeito final de semana sobre a concentração de ozônio, caracterizado por concentrações ozônio mais elevadas no fim de semana quando comparadas aos dias de semana, pode está relacionado às concentrações relativamente baixas dos precursores do ozônio tais como o óxido de nitrogênio (NOx) e os Hidrocarbonetos Não Metano (NMHC) nos finais de semana. As diferenças existentes entre as concentrações de ozônio nos períodos de fim de semana e dias da semana, foram obtidas a partir de analises médias dos dados horários da CETESB para o ano de 2004, foram estudados os precursores para a formação do ozônio troposférico, as variáveis meteorológicas e o perfil horário do trafego veicular para a RMSP. Devido a proximidade com as fontes de emissão a estação de Pinheiros apresentou maiores concentrações de NO e NO² e maiores variações na concentração na comparação feita aos períodos. Com menos veículos circulando durante o período de final de semana e conseqüentemente menos emissão de poluentes, tem-se uma atmosfera mais limpa e menos concentração de NO e NO², configurando uma situação mais favorável para a formação de ozônio troposférico, apesar da menor concentração de NO². A proximidade da fonte de emissão de poluentes, auxiliados pela maior disponibilidade de radiação solar e a presença dos precursores da formação de ozônio, foram fatores condicionantes para a ocorrência do efeito final de semana.

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          Most cited references17

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          Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change

            • Record: found
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            Sunday and Workday Variations in Photochemical Air Pollutants in New Jersey and New York

              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Tropospheric air pollution: ozone, airborne toxics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and particles.

              N Pitts (1997)
              Tropospheric air pollution has impacts on scales ranging from local to global. Reactive intermediates in the oxidation of mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) play central roles: the hydroxyl radical (OH), during the day; the nitrate radical (NO3), at night; and ozone (O3), which contributes during the day and night. Halogen atoms can also play a role during the day. Here the implications of the complex VOC-NOx chemistry for O3 control are discussed. In addition, OH, NO3, and O3 are shown to play a central role in the formation and fate of airborne toxic chemicals, mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine particles.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbmet
                Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia
                Rev. bras. meteorol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Meteorologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-7786
                1982-4351
                March 2009
                : 24
                : 1
                : 100-110
                Affiliations
                Article
                S0102-77862009000100010 S0102-7786(09)02400110
                10.1590/S0102-77862009000100010
                bcbf6838-4ff3-43aa-9e43-3042a9e37f92

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : January 2008
                : October 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                ozone weekend effect,Formação do Ozônio,Efeito final de semana,Ozone formation

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