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      The use of corticosteroid as treatment in SARS was associated with adverse outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To study the effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

          Methods

          A retrospective cohort of 78 consecutive adult SARS patients admitted to a regional hospital in Hong Kong between March and May 2003 was analysed to study the effectiveness of corticosteroid. They were categorized according to whether or not corticosteroid therapy was given, and compared in terms of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, peak lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and clinical outcomes. Established adverse prognostic factors including old age, comorbidities and high LDH levels were used as covariates in multiple logistic regressions to adjust for their confounding effect on adverse outcomes.

          Results

          Among 78 patients, 66 patients (84.6%) received corticosteroid. The LDH level was similar in both groups. The corticosteroid group had more adverse outcomes (37.9% vs. 16.7%) despite younger age and less comorbidity. In multivariate analysis, corticosteroid treatment was associated with a 20.7-fold increase in risk of either ICU admission or mortality, independent of age and disease severity.

          Conclusion

          Despite more favourable baseline characteristics and similar peak LDH levels, SARS patients given corticosteroid had more adverse outcomes.

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          Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome

          Loletta So, Arthur Lau, Loretta YC Yam … (2003)
          Summary A series of 31 patients with probable SARS, diagnosed from WHO criteria, were treated according to a treatment protocol consisting of antibacterials and a combination of ribavirin and methylprednisolone. Through experience with the first 11 patients, we were able to finalise standard dose regimens, including pulsed methylprednisolone. One patient recovered on antibacterial treatment alone, 17 showed rapid and sustained responses, and 13 achieved improvement with step-up or pulsed methylprednisolone. Four patients required short periods of non-invasive ventilation. No patient required intubation or mechanical ventilation. There was no mortality or treatment morbidity in this series.
          Article 0 comments Cited 157 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Clinical course and management of SARS in health care workers in Toronto: a case series.

            Peter Derkach, Monica Avendano, S. Swan (2003)
            Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has only recently been described. We provide individual patient data on the clinical course, treatment and complications experienced by 14 front-line health care workers and hospital support staff in Toronto who were diagnosed with SARS, and we provide follow-up information for up to 3 weeks after their discharge from hospital. As part of the initial response to the SARS outbreak in Toronto, our health care centre was asked to establish a SARS unit for health care workers who were infected. Patients were admitted to this unit and were closely monitored and treated until they were well enough to be discharged. We prospectively compiled information on their clinical course, management and complications and followed them for 3 weeks after discharge. The 11 women and 3 men described here (mean age 42 [standard deviation [SD] 9] years) were all involved in providing medical or ancillary hospital services to patients who were later found to have SARS. Onset of symptoms in 4 of our patients who could clearly identify only a single contact with a patient with SARS occurred on average 4 (SD 3) days after exposure. For the remaining 10 patients with multiple patient contacts, symptom onset followed exposure by a mean of 3.5 (SD 3) days after their exposure. All patients were treated with ribavirin, and all patients received levofloxacin. Many experienced major complications. Dyspnea was present in 12 patients during their stay in hospital, and all developed abnormalities on chest radiograph; 3 patients developed severe hypoxemia (PaO(2) < 50 mm Hg). All patients experienced a drop in hemoglobin. Nine patients had hemolytic anemia. Three patients experienced numbness and tingling in their hands and feet, and 2 developed frank tetany. All 3 had magnesium levels that were less than 0.1 mmol/L. All patients recovered and were discharged home. At a follow-up examination 3 weeks after discharge (5 weeks after onset of illness), all patients were no longer weak but continued to become fatigued easily and had dyspnea on minimal exertion. For 5 patients, chest radiographs still showed residual disease. SARS is a very serious illness even in healthy, relatively young people. The clinical course in our patients, all of whom met the case definition for SARS (which requires pulmonary involvement), resulted in dyspnea and, in some individuals, severe hypoxemia. Severe hemolytic anemia may be a feature of SARS or may be a complication of therapy, possibly with ribavirin.
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              SARS: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Management, and Infection Control Measures

              Priya Sampathkumar, Zelalem Temesgen, Thomas Smith … (2003)
              Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently recognized febrile respiratory illness that first appeared in southern China in November 2002, has since spread to several countries, and has resulted in more than 8000 cases and more than 750 deaths. The disease has been etiologically linked to a novel coronavirus that has been named the SARS-associated coronavirus. It appears to be spread primarily by large droplet transmission. There is no specific therapy, and management consists of supportive care. This article summarizes currently available information regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, etiologic agent, and modes of transmission of the disease, as well as infection control measures appropriate to contain SARS.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jenny S.W. Lee
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Infect
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Infect
                Title: The Journal of Infection
                Publisher: The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0163-4453
                ISSN (Electronic): 1532-2742
                Publication date PMC-release: 5 November 2004
                Publication date (Print): August 2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 November 2004
                Volume: 51
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 98-102
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
                [b ]Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +852 7102 5901; fax: +852 2468 5800. jleesw_2000@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0163-4453(04)00229-4
                DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.09.008
                PMC ID: 7132384
                PubMed ID: 16038758
                SO-VID: bce8ae26-c245-4e41-9c19-c111f24ca6d8
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2004 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date accepted : 22 September 2004
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: sars,severe acute respiratory syndrome,coronavirus,corticosteroid,outcome
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus, corticosteroid, outcome

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