Cancer Risks in Vitiligo Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

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Abstract

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of melanocytes and associated with other autoimmune disease. Whether the dysregulation of immune system enhances oncogenesis or not remains obscure. Until now, no nationwide population-based study has been conducted regarding this. As such, this paper aims to clarify cancer risk in vitiligo patients. A retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study between 2000 and 2010 was performed based on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancers were analyzed. Among the 12,391 vitiligo patients (5364 males and 7027 females) and 48,531.09 person-years of observation, a total of 345 cancers were identified. Significantly increased SIRs were observed for prostate cancer in male patients, thyroid cancer and breast cancer in female patients and bladder cancers in both male and female patients. Unfortunately, the low incidence rate of certain cancers limited the power of our statistical analyses. This study demonstrated the patterns of malignancies in vitiligo patients of Taiwan. Compared with the general population, male patients had higher risks of prostate cancer and female patients had higher risks of thyroid cancer and breast cancer. The risks of bladder cancer were also increased in both male and female patients.

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Vitiligo: a comprehensive overview Part I. Introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up.

Vesna Petronic-Rosic, Gordon Daly, Ali Alikhan … (2011)

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology that is clinically characterized by the development of white macules related to the selective loss of melanocytes. The prevalence of the disease is around 1% in the United States and in Europe, but ranges from less than 0.1% to greater than 8% worldwide. A recorded predominance of women may reflect their greater willingness to express concern about cosmetically relevant issues. Half of all patients develop the disease before 20 years of age. Onset at an advanced age occurs but is unusual, and should raise concerns about associated diseases, such as thyroid dysfunction, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and alopecia areata. Generalized vitiligo is the most common clinical presentation and often involves the face and acral regions. The course of the disease is unpredictable and the response to treatment varies. Depigmentation may be the source of severe psychological distress, diminished quality of life, and increased risk of psychiatric morbidity. Part I of this two-part series describes the clinical presentation, histopathologic findings, and various hypotheses for the pathogenesis of vitiligo based on past and current research. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Variant of TYR and autoimmunity susceptibility loci in generalized vitiligo.

Stanca A. Birlea, A Jian-Amadi, David J Gawkrodger … (2010)

Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair, and is associated with an elevated risk of other autoimmune diseases. To identify generalized vitiligo susceptibility loci, we conducted a genomewide association study. We genotyped 579,146 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1514 patients with generalized vitiligo who were of European-derived white (CEU) ancestry and compared the genotypes with publicly available control genotypes from 2813 CEU persons. We then tested 50 SNPs in two replication sets, one comprising 677 independent CEU patients and 1106 CEU controls and the other comprising 183 CEU simplex trios with generalized vitiligo and 332 CEU multiplex families. We detected significant associations between generalized vitiligo and SNPs at several loci previously associated with other autoimmune diseases. These included genes encoding major-histocompatibility-complex class I molecules (P=9.05x10(-23)) and class II molecules (P=4.50x10(-34)), PTPN22 (P=1.31x10(-7)), LPP (P=1.01x10(-11)), IL2RA (P=2.78x10(-9)), UBASH3A (P=1.26x10(-9)), and C1QTNF6 (P=2.21x10(-16)). We also detected associations between generalized vitiligo and SNPs in two additional immune-related loci, RERE (P=7.07x10(-15)) and GZMB (P=3.44x10(-8)), and in a locus containing TYR (P=1.60x10(-18)), encoding tyrosinase. We observed associations between generalized vitiligo and markers implicating multiple genes, some associated with other autoimmune diseases and one (TYR) that may mediate target-cell specificity and indicate a mutually exclusive relationship between susceptibility to vitiligo and susceptibility to melanoma. 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society

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Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Promoting Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Existing Theories

Yan-Gao Man, Alexander Stojadinovic, Jeffrey Mason … (2013)

It is a commonly held belief that infiltration of immune cells into tumor tissues and direct physical contact between tumor cells and infiltrated immune cells is associated with physical destructions of the tumor cells, reduction of the tumor burden, and improved clinical prognosis. An increasing number of studies, however, have suggested that aberrant infiltration of immune cells into tumor or normal tissues may promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Neither the primary reason for these contradictory observations, nor the mechanism for the reported diverse impact of tumor-infiltrating immune cells has been elucidated, making it difficult to judge the clinical implications of infiltration of immune cells within tumor tissues. This mini-review presents several existing hypotheses and models that favor the promoting impact of tumor-infiltrating immune cells on tumor invasion and metastasis, and also analyzes their strength and weakness.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph

Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Print): 1661-7827

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601

Publication date (Electronic): 27 August 2018

Publication date (Print): September 2018

Volume: 15

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 1847

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Proteinm@ 123456yahoo.com.tw (C.-Y.L.); daiinxiu@ 123456gmail.com (Y.-X.D.); sychu2@ 123456vghtpe.gov.tw (S.-Y.C.); chenyiok@ 123456gmail.com (C.-Y.W.); docs1.tw@ 123456yahoo.com.tw (C.-C.C.); ddlee@ 123456vghtpe.gov.tw (D.-D.L.)

[2 ]School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; yjchenmd@ 123456vghtc.gov.tw (Y.-J.C.); tjchen@ 123456vghtpe.gov.tw (T.-J.C.)

[3 ]Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan

[4 ]Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan

[5 ]Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: ytchang@ 123456vghtpe.gov.tw ; Tel.: +886-2-2875-7340; Fax: +886-2-2875-7666

Author information

Ying-Xiu Dai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-4509

Tzeng-Ji Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-0232

Article

Publisher ID: ijerph-15-01847

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091847

PMC ID: 6164767

PubMed ID: 30150564

SO-VID: bcef1cf1-eb38-4c12-ac79-375cdde9738e

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 03 August 2018

Date accepted : 25 August 2018

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Cancer Risks in Vitiligo Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

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Most cited references 42

Vitiligo: a comprehensive overview Part I. Introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up.

Variant of TYR and autoimmunity susceptibility loci in generalized vitiligo.

Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Promoting Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: Existing Theories

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