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      Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A useful model host to study fundamental biology of viral replication

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          Abstract

          Understanding the fundamental steps of virus life cycles including virus–host interactions is essential for the design of effective antiviral strategies. Such understanding has been deferred by the complexity of higher eukaryotic host organisms. To circumvent experimental difficulties associated with this, systems were developed to replicate viruses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The systems include viruses with RNA and DNA genomes that infect plants, animals and humans. By using the powerful methodologies available for yeast genetic analysis, fundamental processes occurring during virus replication have been brought to light. Here, we review the different viruses able to direct replication and gene expression in yeast and discuss their main contributions in the understanding of virus biology.

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          Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus.

          RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism that is operational in plants and animals. Here, we show that flock house virus (FHV) is both an initiator and a target of RNA silencing in Drosophila host cells and that FHV infection requires suppression of RNA silencing by an FHV-encoded protein, B2. These findings establish RNA silencing as an adaptive antiviral defense in animal cells. B2 also inhibits RNA silencing in transgenic plants, providing evidence for a conserved RNA silencing pathway in the plant and animal kingdoms.
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            Systematic screen for human disease genes in yeast.

            High similarity between yeast and human mitochondria allows functional genomic study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be used to identify human genes involved in disease. So far, 102 heritable disorders have been attributed to defects in a quarter of the known nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins in humans. Many mitochondrial diseases remain unexplained, however, in part because only 40-60% of the presumed 700-1,000 proteins involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis have been identified. Here we apply a systematic functional screen using the pre-existing whole-genome pool of yeast deletion mutants to identify mitochondrial proteins. Three million measurements of strain fitness identified 466 genes whose deletions impaired mitochondrial respiration, of which 265 were new. Our approach gave higher selection than other systematic approaches, including fivefold greater selection than gene expression analysis. To apply these advantages to human disorders involving mitochondria, human orthologs were identified and linked to heritable diseases using genomic map positions.
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              Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast.

              The surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) has been synthesized in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using an expression vector that employs the 5'-flanking region of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I as a promotor to transcribe surface antigen coding sequences. The protein synthesized in yeast is assembled into particles having properties similar to the 22-nm particles secreted by human cells.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Virus Res
                Virus Res
                Virus Research
                Elsevier B.V.
                0168-1702
                1872-7492
                15 May 2006
                September 2006
                15 May 2006
                : 120
                : 1
                : 49-56
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
                [b ]Department of Virology, University of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 93 542 2887; fax: +34 93 542 2802. juana.diez@ 123456upf.edu
                Article
                S0168-1702(05)00357-6
                10.1016/j.virusres.2005.11.018
                7114155
                16698107
                bcf8ac35-1f68-412c-96de-29e45c428889
                Copyright © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 19 August 2005
                : 16 November 2005
                : 21 November 2005
                Categories
                Article

                Microbiology & Virology
                bromovirus,tombusvirus,nodavirus,papillomavirus,viral replication,yeast
                Microbiology & Virology
                bromovirus, tombusvirus, nodavirus, papillomavirus, viral replication, yeast

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