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      Las enfermedades laborales por trabajos con la madera Translated title: Occupational diseases due to woodworking

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          Abstract

          Resumen Las enfermedades laborales por trabajos con la madera, son muy diversas y ligadas en su causalidad a muy diferentes agentes presentes en las múltiples actividades y ocupaciones que abarcan desde la explotación forestal, la industria maderera, la industria del mueble, la manufactura, la construcción y otras actividades industriales. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer los riesgos, analizar y señalar las ocupaciones y actividades en las que están presentes, reseñar de forma específica aquellas enfermedades profesionales recogidas en nuestro cuadro como enfermedades profesionales, en relación a los diversos riesgos presentes en los trabajos con la madera. Material y método: Se revisaron hasta enero de 2020 las siguientes bases de datos bibliográficas: SciELO y PUBMED, en búsqueda de artículos sobre enfermedades en relación con el trabajo con la madera. Conclusiones: El abordaje de las enfermedades en trabajos con la madera es complejo, pues son múltiples las actividades con riesgo de causarlas a través de diferentes agentes, a veces concurrentes en una misma labor, por lo que la existencias de múltiples actividades y múltiples agentes dificulta su prevención y el análisis de su repercusión en la salud laboral de este tipo de trabajadores con la madera y las enfermedades ocupacionales que pueden padecer. Debe actualizarse el propio cuadro de enfermedades profesionales acorde con las evidencias científicas. Deben mejorarse los archivos y el manejo de los datos para una mejor prevención y asignación como enfermedades laborales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Occupational diseases due to woodworking within the woodworking industry are extremely diverse and linked in their causality to very different agents present in the multiple activities and occupations that range from logging, wood industry, furniture industry, manufacturing, construction and other industrial activities. The objective of this study is to establish the risks, to analyze and indicate the occupations and activities in which they are present, specifically review those occupational diseases listed in our table as occupational diseases, in relation to the various risks present in the work with the wood. Conclusions: The approach to diseases in woodwork is complex since multiple risk activities can cause them through different agents, sometimes even concurrent in the same work. The existence of multiple activities and agents makes it therefore difficult to prevent and analyze the impact on occupational health of this type of workers with wood and occupational diseases that may suffer. The table of occupational diseases should be updated according to scientific evidence. The filing and management of data should be improved for better prevention and assignment as occupational diseases.

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          Most cited references19

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          Occupational exposure and sinonasal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          Background Sinonasal cancer (SNC) has been related to occupational exposures, but the relative risk associated to specific jobs and/or carcinogen exposures other than wood and leather dust is generally based on small or inadequate sample sizes and the range of observed estimates is large. This paper is aimed at investigating such relationship through a systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis of studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. Methods Systematic search was made with PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus engines using related keywords. Occupational exposures include wood and leather dust, formaldehyde, nickel and chromium compounds, textile industry, farming and construction. Meta-analysis of published studies after 1985 with a case-control or cohort design was performed, firstly using the fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q statistical test and quantified by the I2 index. When the heterogeneity hypothesis appeared relevant, the random-effect model was chosen. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analyses. Results Out of 63 reviewed articles, 28 (11 cohort, 17 case-control) were used in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was observed and random-effects models were used. Exposure to wood dust results associated with SNC (RRpooled = 5.91, 95% CI: 4.31-8.11 for the case-control studies and 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10-2.37 for the cohort studies), as well as to leather dust (11.89, 95% CI: 7.69-18.36). The strongest associations are with adenocarcinomas (29.43, 95% CI: 16.46-52.61 and 35.26, 95% CI: 20.62-60.28 respectively). An increased risk of SNC for exposures to formaldehyde (1.68, 95% CI: 1.37-2.06 for the case control and 1.09, 95% CI: 0.66-1.79 for the cohort studies), textile industry (2.03, 95% CI: 1.47-2.8), construction (1.62, 95% CI: 1.11-2.36) and nickel and chromium compounds (18.0, 95% CI: 14.55-22.27) was found. Subset analyses identified several sources of heterogeneity and an exposure-response relationship was suggested for wood dust (p = 0.001). Conclusions By confirming the strength of association between occupational exposure to causal carcinogens and SNC risk, our results may provide indications to the occupational etiology of SNC (not only wood and leather dusts). Future studies could be focused on specific occupational groups to confirm causative agents and to define appropriate preventive measures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1042-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Wood dust exposure and the risk of upper aero-digestive and respiratory cancers in males.

            Wood dust (WD) has been designated a human carcinogen that can cause sino-nasal cancers. However, evidence of its association with other upper aero-digestive tract and respiratory (UADR) cancers is inconsistent. To examine the relationship between WD exposure and the risk of different histological subtypes of UADR cancers. In a hospital-based case-control study conducted at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA, an examination was carried out to determine the effect of self-reported WD exposure on 1522 male UADR cancer cases (241 oral and oropharyngeal, 90 nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal, 124 laryngeal, 809 lung and tracheal and 258 oesophagus and gastric cardia) and 1522 male controls, frequency matched on age and smoking history. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated after adjusting for relevant risk factors including tobacco smoking. The results show that regular WD exposure was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of 32% for all UADR cancers (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.77; p-trend = 0.05) and 69% for lung cancer alone (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.36; p-trend = 0.007). WD was associated with an 82-93% increased risk of squamous cell, small cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung and more than twice the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and hypopharynx, with a significant dose-response relationship. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers showed a non-significant increase in risk. A significant increase in risk of laryngeal and lung cancers was noted for subjects regularly exposed to WD for >20 years. Cancers of the oesophagus and gastric cardia did not show any risk associated with WD. WD was associated with a significantly greater risk of UADR cancers among people who had ever smoked than never smokers. WD exposure is a potential risk factor for UADR cancers, especially for cancers of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx and lung.
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              Study of ethmoidal mucosa in a population at occupational high risk of sinonasal adenocarcinoma.

              The occurrence of nasal adenocarcinomas was first described in 1965. Since 1988 these tumors have been accepted as an occupational disease for woodworkers in Italy. There are several underlying reasons why there is interest in studying the ways in which sinonasal adenocarcinomas occur. Often diagnosed at advanced stages of development because their symptoms are non-specific, these tumors are associated with a high mortality rate. A multidisciplinary study protocol was developed in this investigation. The aim was to identify the factors and conditions that promote sinonasal tumor growth in a population at risk due to occupational exposure to wood dust. Sixty-eight carpenters with a minimum of 10 years exposure to wood dust were studied. The control group comprised 81 volunteers. The patients underwent the following protocol: completion of a case report form, physical examination, evaluation of nasal cavity patency, clinical laboratory tests and histological study of the nasal mucosa. Our study provides significant evidence of the elevated incidence of pavimentous metaplasia in workers occupationally exposed to wood dust. In addition, it underscores a significant deficit of immunoglobulin A in such workers compared to the controls. However, we did not find, as reported elsewhere in the literature, a statistically significant difference between cases and controls as regards nasal symptoms and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa. Our study showed that, even in the absence of evident sinonasal lesions, it is still possible to determine an increased incidence of morphofunctional changes in subjects occupationally exposed to wood dust. Our findings may lead to the identification of occupational groups prone to elevated risk of the disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mesetra
                Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo
                Med. segur. trab.
                Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0465-546X
                1989-7790
                June 2020
                : 66
                : 259
                : 112-131
                Affiliations
                [2] España orgnameINSS Murcia orgdiv1Unidad Médica Equipo Valoración Incapacidades España
                [1] España orgnameINSS Gipuzkoa orgdiv1Unidad Médica Equipo Valoración Incapacidades España
                Article
                S0465-546X2020000200112 S0465-546X(20)06625900112
                bd37df25-d9d1-4dcb-a624-2d5af69a9b1d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2020
                : 24 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Inspección Médica

                Enfermedades ocupacionales,woodworkers, occupational disease,trabajadores de la madera, enfermedad profesional,occupational hazards,riesgos laborales,Occupational diseases,enfermedades por la madera,wood diseases

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